SPIROGRAPHIS SPALLANZANT. 261 
inch in diameter. More than two-thirds of it is composed of a fairly firm, yet elastic, brownish 
secretion, with very little mud attached, though a small Anomia or two may be present 
externally. The basal region, which appears to be fixed, is more like the tube of Sabella 
pencillus, being coated with greyish mud, a few minute specks of calcareous matter (broken 
shells) and a small Balanus. The tough distal region of the tube is in places semi-transparent. 
In the young forms the tubes of two to three inches are composed throughout of secretion 
and mud as in Sabella penicillus. 
| This is one of the striking British species we owe to the persevering labours of Col. 
Montagu, who found it on an oyster-bed on the coast of Devon, and an excellent coloured 
figure, by his niece, Miss D/’Orville, is given in the ‘Linnean Transactions’ (1804). 
De St. Joseph describes the tube as similar to that of Sabella penicillus and much longer 
than the inhabitant. The inferior extremity of the tube is thinner and more transparent, 
consisting only of the secretion of the annelid fixed to the stones amongst which it dwells. 
The young forms often attach their tubes to those of the adult. 
Grube (1851) made two species of this form, as indicated under the synonyms. 
H. Rathke, m his ‘Fauna Norwegens’ (1843), includes this species with a question, 
and so far as his figures of the hooks and bristles go, he has reason to be doubtful. The hooks 
especially diverge. Rathke’s figures of these organs, however, are too elementary for accurate 
diagnosis. E 
Claparede (1868) appeared to consider, after Rathke, that Bispira had hooks with a long 
manubrium, by which he probably means the shaft. Such, however, is not the case. 
Lo Bianco’ (1893) describes a new species from Naples, which he terms Bismra Marie, 
but, so far as can be observed, there is little to distinguish it from the present form. 
De St. Joseph (1894) found a parasitic Copepod, viz. Bispirophilus tenax, on the branchie. 
“ The parasite is fixed by the second pair of antenne.” 
Genus CLXVI.—SprroGrapuis, Viviani, 1805. 
1. SPIROGRAPHIS SPALLANZANI, Viviani, 1805. Plate CX XXIII, figs. 7—7c—bristles and 
hooks. 
Though no British example of Spirographis spallanzani, Viviani, has been seen by the 
author, yet in all probability a further search in the Channel Islands and South coast of 
England will be successful. The specific characters, therefore, have been briefly entered, 
with one or two figures. 
Specific Characters.—The cephalic region has the collar widely separated dorsally, two 
triangular flaps, much larger than in Bispira, occupying the intermediate region, and adherent 
to the branchial pillars. The collar passes ventrally, where it forms two lappets as in Bispira 
directed backward and separated by a median fissure. In front of these are the lower oral 
folds, coloured similarly, in the preparation, of a rich brown. In life the collar is dark violet, 
the ventral lobes white below, with white papille on the reflected edge. The lateral lobes 
are violet. The branchial filaments arise from stout pillars separated both dorsally and 
ventrally by a cleft, and ventrally the right? overlaps the left base, the grooves of both, how- 
ever, trending to the mouth. The tentacles form short frilled flaps, best seen dorsally, 
1 “Atti Accad. Sc. Nap.,’ vol. v, p. 75, tav. i, fig. 2, and tav. i, figs. 7 and 8. 
2 Claparéde says either right or left. 
