LEIPOA OCELLATA, Gould. 
Ocellated Leipoa. 
Leipoa ocellata, Gould, in Proc. of Zool. Soc., October 13, 1840. 
Nyow, Aborigines of the lowland ; Ngow-0o, of the mountain districts of Western Australia. 
Native Pheasant, Colonists of Western Australia. 
Tuis beautiful bird is among the most interesting of the novelties which the little-explored regions of 
Australia have lately unfolded to us; since, by its discovery, and a knowledge of its habits, we are enabled 
to assign to its proper family (the Megapodine) the singular species figured under the name of Tulegalla 
Latham. 
The Ocellated Leipoa appears to be more peculiarly suited for a plain and open country than for the 
tangled brush; and it is most curious to observe how beautifully the means employed by Nature for the 
reproduction of the species is adapted to the situations it is destined to inhabit. A sketch of its economy, 
as far as it has yet been ascertained, has been sent me by Mr. John Gilbert, and is here given in his own words : 
“The following account of the habits, mammers, and nidification of this bird have been detailed to me 
by G. Moore, Esq., Advocate-General, Mr. Armstrong, the aboriginal mterpreter, and some of the more 
intelligent natives of Western Australia. Mr. Moore saw a great many of them about sixty miles north 
of Perth; but its most favorite country appears to be the barren sandy plains of the interior, 100 miles 
north and east of York. It is a ground bird, never taking to a tree except when closely hunted ; when 
pursued it will frequently run its head mto a bush, and is then easily taken. In its actions and manners 
it is very like the domestic fowl. Its food generally consists of seeds aud berries. It has a mournful note, 
very like that of a pigeon, but with a more inward tone. The eggs are deposited in a mound of sand, the 
formation of which is the work of both sexes: the natives say they scratch up the sand for many yards 
around, forming a mound of about three feet in height ; the inside being constructed of alternate layers of 
dried leaves, grasses, &c., among which the eggs are deposited to the number of twelve and upwards, and 
covered up by the birds as laid; or, as the natives express it, ‘the countenances of the eggs are never 
visible.” The bird never sits upon the eggs; but when she has laid her number the whole are covered up, 
after which the mound of sand resembles an ant’s nest. The eggs are hatched by the heat of the sun’s rays, 
the vegetable lining of the hillock retaining sufficient warmth during the night: the eggs are deposited in 
layers, no two eggs being suffered to lie without a division. They are about the size of a fowl’s egg, and are 
white, very slightly tinged with red. The natives are exceedingly fond of them, and rob the mounds two or 
three times in a season; they judge of the probable number of eggs in the heap by the quantity of 
feathers lying around, If these are abundant, they know the hillock is full, when they immediately open it 
and take the whole; upon which the bird will again commence laying, to be robbed a second time, and will 
frequently lay a third time. Upon questioning one of the men attached to Mr. Moore’s expedition, he gave 
me a similar aceount of its habits and mode of incubating ; adding, that in all the mounds they opened they 
found ants almost as numerous as in an ant-hill, and that in many instances that part of the mound sur- 
rounding the lower portion of the eggs had become so hard, they were obliged to chip round them with 
a chisel to get them out: the insides of the mounds were always hot.” 
Captam Grey, of the 88rd Regiment, who has just returned from his expedition to the north-west coast, 
has also furnished me with the following information respecting its range, &c.: “The farthest point north,” 
says this gentleman, ‘at which I have seen the breeding-places of this bird, is Gantheaume Bay. The natives 
of King George's Sound say the same, ora nearly allied species, exists in that neighbourhood. T have never 
fallen in with its nests but in one description of country, viz. where the soil was dry and sandy, and so thickly 
wooded with a species of dwarf Leptospermum, that if you stray from the native paths, it is almost impossible 
to furce your way through. In these close scrubby woods small open glades occasionally occur, and here 
the Neéw-00 constructs its nest, a large heap of sand, dead grass and boughs, at least nine feet in diameter, 
and three feet in height: T have seen them even larger than this. Upon one occasion only I saw eggs 
it these nests ; they were placed some distance from cach other, and buried in the earth. I am not sure 
of the number, but the account given by the natives led me to believe that at times large numbers are 
found.” 
The Ocellated Leipoa is altogether a more slender and elegantly formed bird than the Wattled Talegalla, 
and moreover differs from that bird in having the head and neck thickly clothed with feathers, and in being 
adorned with a beautifully variegated style of colouring. 
Head and crest blackish brown; neck and shoulders dark ash grey ; the fore part of the former, from the 
chin to the breast, marked by a series of lanceolate feathers, which are black with a white stripe down the 
centre; back and wings conspicuously marked with three distinct bands of greyish white, brown and black 
near the tip of each feather, the marks assuming an ocellate form, particularly on the tips of the seconda- 
ries ; primaries brown, their outer webs marked with zigzag lines of darker brown ; rump and upper tail- 
coyerts brownish grey, the feathers of the latter transversely marked with two or three zigzag lines near 
their tip; all the under surface light buff, the tips of the flank feathers barred with black ; tail blackish 
brown, broadly tipped with buff ; bill black ; feet blackish brown. 
The fizures are about two-thirds of the natural size. 
