80 FILICES. (Polypodium. 
Rhizome long, stout, clothed with appressed scales. Fronds 
6-18in., simple or pinnatifid, coriaceous; segments 
broad V3 = aE es fe .. oO P. diversifolium. 
Rhizome long, stout, clothed with spreading scales. Fronds 
1-4 ft., pinnatifid or pinnate, “ig coriaceous ; segments 
usually, narrow 1 7 “ <3 .. 6 P. novae-zealandiae. 
TK 
1 P. Billardieri C. Christen. Ind. Fil. (1906) 513.—Rhizome very 
short, or erect or oblique and lengthened to $-14in. long, crownen with 
copious pale chestnut-brown scales; rootlets Tone, wiry, densely Dalry ; 
often several rhizomes and their rootlets are matted together in the same 
tuft. Fronds atts! crowded towards the end of the rhizome, erect, 
i-6in. long, $-¢ in. broad, linear-lanceolate or narrow-oblanceolate or 
linear-spathulate, quite entire, obtuse at the tip, very gradually narrowed 
into a short winged stipes, dark-green, coriaceous, glabrous or sparingly 
ciliate with short whitish hairs towards the base. Veins obscure, hidden 
in the substance of the frond. Sori in a single row on each side of the 
midrib and nearer to it than to the margin, oblique to the midrib, usually 
numerous, rather large, oblong or linear-oblong, often confluent when old.— 
P. australe Mett. Polyp. 36; Hook. Sp. Fil. iv (1862) 167; Hook. f. Handb. 
N.Z. Fl. (1864) 380; Hook. and Bak. Syn. Fil. (1873) 322; Benth. Fl. 
Austral. vii (1878) ae Thoms. N.Z, Ferns (1882) 87; Field N.Z. Ferns 
(1890) 138, t. 22, f. 1; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 1010. Grammitis 
Billardieri Willd. Plant. v (1810) 139. G. australis R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 
146; A. Cunn. Precur. (1836) n. 172; Raoul Choixz (1846) 37; Homb. 
et Jacq. Voy. au Péle Sud (1852) Crypt. t. 24; Hook. f. Fl. Antarct. i 
(1844) 111; Fl. Nov. Zel. 11 (1855) 44. G. rigida and G. humilis Homb. 
et Jacq. l.c. (1852) t. 2, F, H. 
Var. villosum Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. ii (1855) 44.—Stipes, margins, and under- 
surface of the fronds more or less villous with long spreading rufous or whitish hairs, 
often partially concealing the sori.—P. paradoxum Col. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xiv (1882) 
336. Grammitis ciliata Col. on Tasm. Journ. Nat. Sct. ii (1846) 166. 
Var. pumilum Cheesem. eal, very densely matted ; rhizomes stout, creeping, 
sometimes 1-2in. long. Fronds 4—#in. long, obovate or spathulate, obtuse, narrowed 
to the base, very thick and coriaceous, glabrous or obscurely pubescent beneath. 
Sori usually solitary near the tip of the frond, large, roundish.—P. crassium Kirk in 
Trans. N.Z. Inst. xvii (1885) 232. Grammitis pumila Armstr. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. 
xiii (1879) 314. P. pumilum Cockayne Bot. Stewart Is. (1909) 47. 
Norte AnD Soutu IsLaAnps, Stewart IsLAND, AUCKLAND AND CAMPBELL ISLANDS, 
ANTIPODES ISLAND, MacquariE IstaAnp: The typical state and var. villosum not 
uncommon throughout on rocks or trunks of trees ; var. pumilum in mountain districts 
from the East Cape southwards, ascending to over 5000 ft. 
A very variable little plant, also found in Australia and Tasmania, South Africa, 
Chile, Fuegia, Tristan d’Acunha, and Marion Island. 
2. P. grammitidis R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 147.—Rhizome short, tufted, 
crowned with subulate-lanceolate scales ; roots long, fibrous. Stipes short, 
wiry, naked, 1-2 in. long. Fronds tufted at the top of the rhizome, very 
variable in size and shape, 3-9 in. long, 1-3 in. broad, lanceolate to oblong- 
lanceolate or narrow-ovate, acuminate, sometimes caudate, dark-green, 
coriaceous, quite glabrous, pinnatifid almost to the rhachis. Pinnae often 
unequal, linear, decurrent we the rhachis at the base and confluent ; in 
large states 1-3 in. long, 1-4 in. broad, deeply lobed or pinnatifid ; in small 
forms shorter, entire or “sinuate or shortly lobed; rarely the pinnae are 
