Phylloglossum. | LYCOPODIACEAE. 97 
I-nerved, either spreading all round the axis and of the same shape and 
size, or dimorphous with the larger ones distichously spreading. Spo- 
rangia all of one kind, coriaceous, l-celled in the typical genera, 2—3—4- 
celled in Z'mesepteris and Psilotum, borne singly on the upper base of 
fertile leaves or sporophylls. Sporophylls either similar to the foliage- 
leaves and placed ali down the stem, or more or less reduced in size and 
bract-like and aggregated into terminal spikes or cones, in T'’mesipteris and 
Psilotwm deeply bifid with the sporangia attached below the fork. Spores 
all of one kind, numerous, tetrahedral, marked with 3 radiating lines at 
the tip. 
A family containing 4 genera and over 125 species, quite cosmopolitan in its 
distribution, and without any important economical properties or uses. The germina- 
tion of the spores has so far been observed in only a comparatively small proportion 
of the species. The prothallium is monoecious, as in ferns, producing both arche- 
gonia and antheridia, but the species which have been examined exhibit great 
diversities in the shape and mode of growth of the prothallium and in its duration: 
and considerable variety also exists in the development of the embryonic plant. For 
particulars reference must be made to special text-books or memoirs. As a matter 
of convenience, I have retained T'mesipteris and Psilotum in the order, but the structure 
of the sporangia and form of the sporophylls are so distinct that there can be little 
doubt that Pritzel and other authors are right in placing them in a distinct family. 
A. Lycopodiineae. Fertile leaves or sporophylls (bracts) simple, not forked. Sporangia 
reniform, compressed, 1-celled, dehiscing by a longitudinal slit. 
Minute. Stem reduced to a small tuber crowned by subulate 
leaves. Sporangia forming a cone-like spike at the top of a 
naked peduncle a; &. +A re .. Ll. PHYLLOGLOsSsUM, 
Larger. Stem conspicuous, branched, leafy throughout. Spo- 
rangia collected into terminal or lateral spikes, rarely scattered 
along the branches. be - Hs re .- 2 LYCOPODIUM. 
_B. Psilotineae. Fertile leaves or sporophylls forked. NSporangia (synangia) 2-3-4- 
celled and valved, attached to the sporophylls below the fork. 
Stems simpie or rarely forked. Leaves conspicuous, vertical. 
Synangia boat-shaped, 2-celled .. i a .. 3. TMESIPTERIS. 
Stems many times dichotomous. Leaves minute, scale-like. 
Synangia subglobose, usually 3-celled re = .. 4 Psmorum. 
The life-history of the Lycopodiaceae of New Zealand has been fully and ably 
investigated by the Rev. J. E. Holloway in a series of memoirs contributed to the 
Transactions of the New Zealand Institute, as follows: ‘“‘ Studies in the New Zealand 
Species of Lycopodium,” Part I, vol. xlviii, 1916; Part II, ‘Methods of Vegetative 
Reproduction,” vol. xlix, 1917; Part III, “The Plasticity of the Species,” vol. li, 
1919; “The Prothallus and Young Plant of Tmesipteris,’’ vol. 1, 1918; Part IV, 
“The Structure of the Prothallus in Five Species,” vol. lii, 1920; and “ Further 
Studies on the Prothallus of Tmesipteris,” vol. liii, 1921. No student of the family 
can afford to neglect these important contributions. I have also to tender my acknow- 
ledgments to Mr. Holloway for valuable assistance rendered in the preparation of this 
work. : 
1. PHYLLOGLOSSUM Kunze. 
A small stemless plant, consisting of an oblong tuber (protocorm) which 
is annually reproduced, and which bears at its apex a tuft of terete subulate 
leaves. Roots few, simple, springing from above the tuber directly below 
the leaves. Peduncle arising from the apex of the tuber and surrounded 
at its base by the leaves, short, erect, simple or very rarely forked, ending 
in a short fertile spike or cone. Bracts several, imbricated, broadly ovate, 
cuspidate, each supporting a single reniform 1-celled sporangium, which 
dehisces by a longitudinal slit. Spores small, numerous, with three lines 
‘radiating from the apex. 
A genus of a single species, found in New Zealand, Tasmania, Victoria, and West 
Australia. 
4—F'. 
