98 LYCOPODIACEAE. [Phylloglossum. 
1. P. Drummondii Kunze in Bot. Zeit. (1848) 721.—Whole plant 1-23 in. 
high, green, perfectly glabrous. Tuber small, oblong, producing another | 
{rarely two more) during the growing season, the new tuber remaining 
dormant during the summer and reproducing the plant the following 
winter, the original tuber and its leaves shrivelling after the ripening of 
the sporangia. Leaves usually from 4-10, but varying in number from 
1 or 2 to 15 or even 20, 4-2in. long, linear-subulate, acute, fleshy, cylin- 
drical. Peduncle 2 or 3 times as long as the leaves, stout, erect. Spike 
¢-4 in. long, oblong-ovoid, terete; bracts 10-30, broad, the erect cusp 
overtopping the sporangium.—Hook. Ic. Plant. (1854) t. 908; Hook. f. Fl. 
Nov. Zel. ii (1855) 51; Fl. Tasm. ii (1860) 154; Handb. N.Z. Fl. (1864) 
388 ; Bak. Fern. Allies (1887) 7; Thoms. N.Z. Ferns (1882) 102; Cheesem. 
Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 1033. Lycopodium sanguisorba Spring. Monog. 
Lycop. ii (1848) 36. 
NortH Istanp: Barren clay hills from the North Cape to the Thames Valley 
and the Middle Waikato (Lake Waikare), not uncommon. SovutH Istanp: Said to have 
been gathered near Picton by Helms, and on Banks Peninsula by Armstrong, but I 
have seen no specimens, 
A remarkable little plant, differing from all other Lycopods in its vegetative 
characters, but with the spike and sporangia of Lycopodium. ‘The tuber and its leaves 
are so similar in appearance and mode of development to the embryonic plant of some 
species of Lycopodium, and notably to that of L. cernuum, with its protocorm or 
embryonic tubercle, and protophylls or primordial leaves, that both Bower and Treub 
have expressed the opinion that Phylloglossum should be regarded as a permanently 
embryonic form of Lycopod. The important discovery made by Thomas that the 
prothallium and development of the embryo is of the same type as that of Lycopodium 
cernuum may be regarded as a satisfactory proof of the correctness of this view; and 
it seems in every way probable that Thomas is correct in considering Phylloglossum 
to be the most primitive of existing Lycopodiaceae. For information on the subject 
the student should consult Professor Bower’s two memoirs “‘ On the Development and 
Morphology of Phylloglossum Drummondiu” and “‘ On the Morphology of the Spore- 
producing Members” (Trans. Roy. Soc. 1886, p. 665, and 1894, p. 508-i0); also 
Treub’s paper in the Annals of the Bot. Garden of Buitenzorg, vol. viii, p. 1 ef seg. ; 
and Professor Thomas’s “ Preliminary Account of the Prothallium of Phylloglossum”’ 
(Proc. Roy. Soc., vol. xix, p. 285-91, reprinted in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxxiv, 402-8). 
Other papers on the subject will be found in the “‘ Annals of Botany ” and the Botanical 
Gazetie. 
2. LYCOPODIUM Linn. 
Stems erect or pendulous, or prostrate and creeping, copiously branched, 
rarely simple, often hard and wiry, usually leafy throughout. Leaves 
small, crowded or imbricate, l-nerved, entire or denticulate, generally 
uniform in size and multifarious, but in a few species dimorphous and 
distichous. Sporangia l|-celled, reniform, compressed, coriaceous, dehiscing 
by a longitudinal slit, placed singly on the upper surface of the leaves 
near their base, or more generally at the upper base of imbricated bracts 
ageregated into terminal spikes, which are either sessile or pedunculated. 
Spores small, numerous, with three lines radiating from the apex. 
A large genus of about 100 species, found in all parts of the world. Of the 11 
species indigenous in New Zealand, 3 are widely distributed in both hemispheres, 
6 extend to Australia, 2 of them reaching the Pacific islands as well, the remaining 1 or 
2 are endemic. 
A. Selago. Leaves multifarious. Sporangia at the wpper base of unaltered leaves at 
intervals all down the stem. 
Stems 3-12in., tufted, erect, dichotomously forked. Leaves 
crowded, erect, subulate-lanceolate, 4-1 in. long .. .. L. L. Selago. 
