——— 
100 LYCOPODIACEAE. | Lycopodium. 
2. L. varium R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 165.—Stems tufted, much branched 
from the base, 4-2 ft. long, stout, rigid, erect or more rarely pendulous, 
sparingly or much dichotomously branched, leafy throughout; branches 
stout, often curved. Leaves crowded all round the branches, ascending 
or spreading, the lower ones the longest, 4-3 in. long, lanceolate, obtuse or 
subacute, coriaceous, dark-green and glossy, midrib usually obscure : upper 
leaves smaller and more appressed. Spikes terminal, usually numerous, 
simple or branched, curved or drooping, tetragonous, 2-6 in. long, $-4in. 
diam. Bracts densely imbricating, about #in. long, broadly ovate, acute 
or obtuse, keeled; the lower ones rather longer and more foliaceous, 
gradually passing into the upper leaves, the upper decidedly longer than 
the reniform sporangia.—Hook. and Grev. Ic. Fil. (1829) t. 112; Hook. f. 
Fl. Antarct. i (1844) 115% Fl. Nov. Zel. ii (1855) 52; FI. Tasm. ii (1860) 
155, t. 1708; Handb. N.Z. Fl. (1864) 389; Benth. Fl. Austral. vii (1878) 
674; Bak. Fern Allies (1887) 21; Thoms. N. .Z. Ferns (1882) 104; Cheesem. 
Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 1035. 
NortH AND SoutH IsLANDS, STEWART ISLAND, CHATHAM IsLANDS, AUCKLAND 
AND CAMPBELL ISLANDS, ANTIPODES ISLAND, MacquarigE ISLAND: Mountainous dis- 
tricts from the Great Barrier Island and Cape Colville southwards, not uncommon. 
Sea-level to 4500 ft. 
Also in Australia and Tasmania. Possibly only an extreme form of L. Billardier, 
into which it passes by imperceptible gradations, but in its usual state distinguished with- 
out much difficulty by the stout rigid habit, stouter curved spikes, and larger bracts. 
It is usually terrestrial or rupestral, rarely epiphytic. In Stewart Island it occasionally 
forms large patches sometimes 10 or 12 ft. across. 
3. L. Billardieri Spring. Monog. Lycop. 1 (1841) 56.—Stems tufted, 
pendulous from the branches of trees or from rocks, more rarely growing 
on peaty soil or on humus, 1-5 ft. long, excessively dichotomously branched 
from the base upwards, slender, cylindric, dark-green, leafy throughout ; 
upper branches almost flaccid. Lower ibe oe laxly placed, spreading or 
ascending from an erect decurrent base, 4-2in. long, linear or linear- 
ligulate, obtuse or acute, coriaceous, usually with a distinct midrib; upper 
shorter and more closely placed, more erect, often appressed and imbricating, 
din. long, linear-subulate, acute, more or less keeled. Spikes terminating 
the branches, very numerous, slender, dichotomously forked, tetragonous, 
1-4 in. long, #,-;,in. diam. Bracts densely imbricating, short, 3-74; in. 
long, broadly ovate, acute or apiculate, keeled, the upper ones sometimes 
no longer than the reniform sporangia.—Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. ii (1855) 53 ; 
Handb. N.Z. Fl. (1864) 389; Bak. Fern Alles (1887) 20; Thoms. N.Z. 
Ferns (1882) 104; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 1036. .L. varium var. 
Billardienr T. Kirk in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xvi (1884) 377. L. flagellaria 
A. hich. Fl. Now. Zel. (1832) 60 (not of Bory); A. Cunn. Precur. (1836) 
n. 155; Raoul Choiaw (1846) 37. Phleomaria A. Cunn. Precur. (1836) 
n. 157 (not of Linn.). 
Var. gracile 7. Kirk in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xvi (1884) 377.—Stems tufted, ries 
pendulous, 6-12 in. long, slender, pale-green, flaccid. Leaves spreading, about }in 
long, narrow-linear, acute or obtuse. Spikes lax, slender, often ill-defined, 3- 6 in. 
long, simple or forked, Bracts about.+ in. long, linear, spreading or ascending, 3 or 4 
times as long as the sporangia.—(?) L. novae- -zealandicum Col. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. 
xix (1887) 275. 
KerMaDEC Istanps, Nort anp Sout Istanps, Stewart Istanp: The typical 
form abundant in woods throughout. Var. gracile: Mount Egmont, 7’. F. C.; Wai- 
rarapa Valley, J. S. Sandager! Maitai Valley, Dr. Boor and 7. Kirk; Westport, 
