I soetes. | ISOETACEAE. 107 
more, ;;-;451n. broad at the middle, much dilated at the base, gradually 
tapering to the apex, dark-green, diaphanous, usually with a few stomata, 
but with no accessory bast-bundles. Sporangia oblong, 4-+in. long ; 
indusium complete. Macrospores greyish-white, smooth or very indistinctly 
tubercled.— Bak. Fern Allies (1887) 127; Thoms. N.Z. Ferns (1882) 109 ; 
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 1043. (?) I. multiangularis Col. on Trans. 
N.Z. Inst. xxii (1890) 449. 
North Isntanp: Lake Taupo, C. J. Norton. Sovumru Istanp: Not uncommon 
in lakes in mountain districts, from Nelson to the south of Otago. 1200-3000 ft. 
Family VI. PINACEAE. 
Resinous trees or shrubs, mostly evergreen, and always so in the 
New Zealand species. Leaves opposite or whorled or alternate, solitary 
or fascicled within membranous sheaths, usually narrow-linear or scale-like, 
rarely broad and flat (as in Agathis). Flowers mostly monoecious; peri- 
anth wanting in both sexes. Male flowers a cone or catkin of stamens 
placed on a central axis, each stamen in the axil of a scale. Anther-cells 
2 or more, variously dehiscent. Female flowers consisting of ovules borne 
singly or several together on the surface of a scale which is usually placed 
in the axil of a bract. Fruit a cone with few or many woody or fleshy 
scales, sometimes berry-like. Seeds with or without a wing. Cotyledons 
two or many. 
A large and important family, almost world-wide in its distribution, but most 
abundant in the temperate part of the Northern Hemisphere; rare in the tropics, 
except on high mountains; fairly well represented in the South Temperate Zone. 
Genera 31; species about 280. Many of the species yield valuable timber. Pines, 
firs, larches, cedars, cypresses in the Northern Hemisphere ; the kauri, Araucaria, Libo- 
cedrus, &c., in the Southern, are well-known timber-trees of great economic and 
commercial value. The resinous products of the family are also of considerable 
importance. The most valuable are tar, turpentine, pitch, and kauri-gum. Of the 
two genera found in New Zealand, Agathis extends to Polynesia, Australia, and 
Malaya; while Libocedrus stretches as far north as Japan and California. 
Leaves large, fiat, oblong. Cones large, 2-8 in. diam.; scales and 
seeds many 1. AGATHIS. 
Leaves small, scale-like. Cones small; scales 4-6: seeds 2-4 .. 2. LiBpocEDRUvs. 
ARALVCARIACEAE 
See Troms. Litan. 1. AGATHIS Salish. 
Sc. %: 1Go'7. 
vergreen monoecious or dioecious trees, often of great size. Leaves 
subopposite or alternate, broad, flat, coriaceous; nerves parallel. Male 
flowers solitary, axillary, peduncled ; peduncle furnished with imbricate 
scales at the top. Anthers densely spirally arranged on a cylindrical 
column ; cells 5-15, pendulous from the top of a rigid stipes. Female cones 
terminating short branchlets, broadly ovoid or globose; scales densely - 
spirally arranged, tips broad. Ovules solitary or rarely 2 at the base of 
each scale and adnate to it, reversed. Mature cone globose or nearly so ; 
scales closely imbricating and appressed, broad, flattened, hard but scarcely 
woody. Seeds 1 to each scale, very rarely 2, reversed, compressed, ovate 
or. oblong; testa thin, produced into a membranous wing; albumen 
fleshy ; cotyledons 2. 
