108 PINACEAE. [ Agathis. 
The genus Agathis contains seven or eight well-defined species, ranging from the 
Philippine Islands and Borneo to north-east Australia, western Polynesia, and New 
Zealand. Its present centre of distribution is evidently Polynesian, for there are 2 
or possibly 3 species in New Caledonia, 1 in the New Hebrides, 1 in the 
Santa Cruz Group, and 1 in the Fiji Islands. It is somewhat remarkable that no 
species has yet been recorded from New Guinea or the Solomon Islands, but future 
explorations may remove this apparent anomaly. The single New Zealand species 
is purely endemic, although stated by Parlatore (D.C. Prodr. xvi, 2, 376) and Eichler 
(Naturl. Pflanzenf. ii, 1 abt. 67) to occur in Australia. 
Students interested in the phylogeny, distribution, and morphology of Agathis 
and its close relative Araucaria should consult Seward and Ford’s “ Araucarieae, 
Recent and Extinct ”’ (Trans. Roy. Soc. B. vol. 198 (1906) pp. 305-411). 
1. A. australis Salish. in Trans. Linn. Soc. viii (1807) 312.—A lofty 
forest-tree, with a straight columnar trunk and rounded somewhat bushy 
head, highly resiniferous in all its parts, usually ranging from 80-100 ft. 
high, with a trunk 4-l0ft. diam., but attaining an extreme height 
of 200 ft., with a trunk 15-22ft. diam.; bark glaucous-grey, decidu- 
ous, falling off in large flat flakes. Leaves subopposite or alternate, 
sessile, very thick and coriaceous; of young trees lanceolate, 2-4 in. long, 
i-+in. broad, gradually passing into those of mature trees, which are 
2-14 in. long, linear-oblong or narrow obovate-oblong, obtuse. Flowers 
monoecious ; males 3-14 in. long, cylindrical. Female cones obovoid in 
the flowering stage, becoming almost spherical when ripe, erect, 2-3 in. 
diam.; scales broad, flat, rather thin, falling away from the axis at 
maturity. Seeds 1 to each scale, ovate, compressed, winged.—T7. Kirk 
Forest Fl. (1889) tt. 79-81; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 645; Til. 
N.Z. Fl. ii (1914) t. 184; Cockayne Veg. N.Z. (1921) tt. 30, 33. Dammara 
australis Lamb. Pin. ed. 2 (1828) 73; A. Cunn. Precur. (1838) n. 325; 
Raoul Choir (1846) 41; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i (1853) 231; Handb. 
N.Z. Fl. (1864) 256. Podocarpus zamiaefolius A. Rich. Fl. Nouv. Zel. 
(1832) 360. 
Norra Istanp: In forests from the North Cape southwards, attaining its extreme 
limit on the east coast inland from Maketu, in the Bay of Plenty; on the western 
side of the island in the vicinity of Kawhia Harbour. Sea-level to 2000 ft. Kauri, 
of the resin kapia. 
The kauri-pine has given rise to an extensive literature. The first reliable 
popular account is that of Hochstetter (““New Zealand,’ pp. 140-50). For more 
strictly scientific information reference should be made to Mr. Kirk’s ‘‘ Forest Flora,” 
and to Dr. Cockayne’s ‘“ Botanical Survey of the Waipoua Kauri Forest.’”’ In my 
“Age and Growth of the Kauri” (Trans. N.Z. Inst. xlvi (1914) pp. 9-19) I have 
endeavoured to dispel the erroneous ideas entertained by previous writers as to the 
supposed slow rate of growth of the kauri; and in the “ Illustrations of the New 
Zealand Flora,’ published in 1914, I have given a compendium of its history, 
and an account of its physiognomy and economic value. Lastly, Sir David Hutchins’s 
recent publications on New Zealand forestry fully and clearly show the position of the 
kauri-pine as a timber-tree, and its suitability for planting in the future State forests 
of New Zealand, 
UPRESSACEAE F 
2. LIBOCEDRUS Endl. *° - ten, 1097-84 
Usually tall trees. Leaves opposite, small and scale-like, quad- 
rifariously imbricate, either all equal and decussate or flattened on the 
branchlets, the lateral larger and keeled, those on the upper and lower faces 
of the branchlets smaller and flat. Flowers monoecious or dioecious ; males 
terminal, solitary, oblong or ovoid or almost globose, consisting of a staminal 
column sessile within the uppermost leaves and bearing several or many 
decussately placed anthers ; connective scale-like, ovate, subpeltate ; anther- 
