(Ff 3 
Podocarpus. | TAXACEAE, | 111 
Tree 50-80ft. Leaves distichous, }-?in., linear, acute, falcate. 
Fruit large, broadly oblong, succulent, # in. long nF .. 5. P. ferrugineus. 
** Male flowers numerous, spiked. 
Tree 40-80 ft. Leaves distichous, }-}in., linear, obtuse. Fruit 
globose, succulent, 4-4 in. diam. re = “ .. 6. P. spicatus. 
B. Flowers terminating the branchlets. 
Tree 80-126 ft. Leaves of young trees distichous, }in.; of mature 
plants imbricate all round, ;4,—} in., subulate-lanceolate, acuminate 7. P. dacrydioides. 
1. P. totara D. Don in Lamb. Pin. ed. ii (1832) 189.—A lofty forest- 
tree 40-80 ft. or even 100ft. high; trunk 2-6ft. diam.; bark thick, 
furrowed, stringy and papery, capable of removal in large sheets. Leaves 
dull brownish-green, spreading on all sides or obscurely distichous, $—1 in. 
long, linear, straight or slightly falcate, acute, pungent, rigid and coriaceous, 
midrib obscure. Flowers dioecious. Males $-?in. long, stout, obtuse, 
axillary, solitary or 2-3 together at the top of a very short stout peduncle 
or almost sessile ; each flower with 4 bracts at the base. Anthers numerous, 
crowded ; connective toothed at the tip. Female flowers axillary, solitary 
or geminate at the top of a short swollen peduncle. Fruit ovoid-oblong, 
rounded at the tip; peduncle usually much enlarged, red, succulent ; but 
occasionally dry and shrivelled—A. Cunn. Precur. (1836) n. 328; Raoul 
Choiz (1846) 41; Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. i (1842) 572, t.19; Hook. f. Fl. 
Nov. Zel. i (1853) 233; Handb. N.Z. Fl. (1864) 258; ZL. Kirk Forest FI. 
(1889) t. 115; Pilger in Pflanzenr. iv, 5 (1903)°84; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. 
Fl, (1906) 648; Ill. N.Z. Fl. i (1914) t. 185; Cockayne Veg. N.Z. (1921) 
“+t. 28. P. Bidwilli Hoibrenk in Endl. Con. (1847) 218. P. Cunningham 
Col. Visit to Ruahine Range (1844) 58. 
NortH anp SoutH IsLtanps: Common in forests from the North Cape to the 
south-east of Otago. Sea-level to 2000 ft. Totara. 
A magnificent tree, scarcely less valuable than the kauri; but, unlike it, generally 
distributed throughout the colony. Wood red, straight-grained, compact, extremely 
durable, much used for all kinds of building purposes and constructive works. From 
its power of resisting the attacks of the teredo it is particularly valuable for the piles 
of wharves, &c. The huge war-canoes of the Maoris, which were often over 80 ft, in 
length, were carved from the trunks of totara-trees, and it was also the favourite timber 
for their carved houses. 
2. P. Hallii 7. Kirk Forest Fl. (1889) t. 9, 94.—Very closely allied to 
P. totara, and perhaps a mere variety, but smaller, 25-60 ft. high; trunk 
rarely exceeding 3 ft. diam.; bark thin, papery; branches of young trees 
weak, slender. Leaves of young plants usually distichous, spreading, 
1-14 in. long, narrow linear-lanceolate ; of mature trees inserted all round 
the branches, close-set, 3-lin. long, linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, 
pungent, rigid and coriaceous, midrib somewhat prominent beneath. 
Flowers dioecious. Male flowers as in P. totara, but usually solitary and 
distinctly peduncled. Female flowers frequently geminate on the short 
peduncle. Fruit narrow-ovoid, pointed; peduncle usually enlarged and 
succulent.—Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 648. PP. totara var. Halli 
Pilger in Pflanzenr. iv, 5 (1908) 84. 
North anp Sournu Isuanps, Stewart Is~tanp: In forests from Kaitaia and 
Mangonui southwards, not uncommon. Sea-level to 3500 ft. 
Tam very doubtful as to this being more than a variety of P. totara, which is the 
view held by Dr. Pilger. Young plants are easily distinguished by the weak and 
often flexuous branches and larger leaves; but it must be confessed that the mature 
