116 TAXACEAE. [Dacrydium. 
frequently giving a pyramidal form to the plant ; trunk short, 3-9 in. diam. 
' Leaves of two forms: those of young plants and on the lower branches 
of old ones spreading, crowded, }-4 in. long, linear, obtuse, sessile by a 
comparatively broad base, flat, coriaceous ; midrib usually distinct. Leaves 
on the upper and fertile branches small and scale-like, densely quadrifari- 
ously appressed, 5,74, in. long, triangular, obtuse, very thick and coria- 
ceous. flowers dioecious. Males solitary, terminal, sessile, #,—} in. long. 
Female flowers near the tips of the branchlets. Nuts 1 or 2, small, striate, 
compressed, obtuse, about ;4, in. long. —T. Kirk Forest Fl. (1889) t. 37; 
Pilger in Pflanzenr. iv, 5 (1903) 46; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 653 ; 
Ill. N.Z. Fl. 1 (1914) t. 187. 
Var. a, erecta 7’. Kirk.—Main branches ascending or erect, giving the plant a 
pyramidal or almost fastigiate outline. 
Var. 5, reclinaia 7’. Kirk.—Main branches prostrate or horizontal. 
NortH Istanp: Summit of Moehau (Cape Colville), Adams / Tiroa (near Manga- 
peehi), A. Wilson and J.C. Rolieston! Tongariro and neighbouring mountains, Spencer / 
T. F. C., Cockayne ; Lake Rotoaira, Tryon! Ruahine Mountains, Colenso! B. C. 
Aston! Kaimanawa Mountains, B. C. Aston! Soutu IsLanp, Stewart ISLAND: 
Not uncommon in subalpine localities throughout. Usually from 2000 to 4500 ft., 
but descending to sea-level in Stewart Island. 
A near allv of D. biforme, principally differing in the smaller size and remarkably 
distinct habit, in the smaller linear leaves, which are sessile by a broad base, and in 
the more slender branchlets and smaller nut. When seen growing it is distinguished 
without any difficulty, but dried specimens not showing the linear leaves are easily 
confounded with slender states of D. biforme. 
alse Ped lI TSb) 92. wn. cl. 
4. D. cupressinum Soland. ex Forst. f. Pl. Escul. (1786) 80.—A tall 
forest-tree 60-80 ft. or even 100 ft. high, with a comparatively small round- 
topped head when mature, but pyramidal when young, with very long 
pale-green pendulous branches; trunk 2-5 ft. diam.; bark dark-brown, 
scaling off in large flakes. Leaves imbricating all round the branch; of 
young trees lax, ascending, 4-}1in. long, linear-subulate, acute, almost 
acerose, decurrent at the base ; gradually passing into those of the mature 
trees, which are much smaller and more closely set and more appressed 
to the branch, ;4,-4 in. long, linear, acute, trigonous, keeled at the back. 
Flowers dioecious. Males solitary or rarely 2 together at the tips of the 
branchlets, oblong ; connective broadly ovate, acuminate. Female flowers 
solitary on the curved tips of the branchlets. Nut ovoid, barely com- 
pressed, about $in. long, seated within a cup-shaped aril; receptacle and 
bracts sometimes enlarged, fleshy and coloured, at other times remaining 
dry and unaltered.—A. Rich. Fl. Nouv. Zel. (1832) 361; A. Cunn. Precur. 
(1838) n. 332; Raoul Chorx (1846) 41; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i (1853) 
233; Handb. N.Z. Fl. (1864) 258; 7. Kirk Forest Fl. (1889) t. 18, 22; 
Pilger in Pflanzenr. iv, 5 (1908) 63; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 654; 
Cockayne Veg. N.Z. (1921) t. 15. Thalamia cupressina Spreng. Syst. 
(1826) 890. 
NorTH AND Soutnu Isuanps, Stewart IsuAnD: Abundant in forests throughout. 
Sea-level to 2500 ft. Rimu ; Red-pine. 
A well-known tree, the young state of which, with its graceful shape and pale- 
green pendent branches, is perhaps as beautiful and attractive as any tree in New 
Zealand. The wood is deep-red, strong, hard, and heavy, but often twisted in the 
grain. It is largely used for building purposes of all kinds and for the manufacture 
of furniture, but is not nearly as durable as either kauri or totara. In height 
D. cupressinum is but little inferior to the kauri or kahikatea. Two examples measured 
by Sir David Hutchins in the Westland forests reached heights of 198 ft. and 168 ft. 
respectively. 
