Arundo. | GRAMINEAE. 181 
divisions produced into bristle-like awns; central awn from between the 
divisions, long, slender, scabrid. Palea shorter than the glume, pubescent 
on the nerves.—Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i (1853) 299; Handb. N.Z. Fi. 
(1864) 341; Buch. N.Z. Grasses (1879) t. 27; Bot. Mag. t. 6232; Cheesem. 
Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 893. A. australis A. Rich. Fl. Nouv. Zel. (1832) 
121; A. Cunn. Precur (1836) n. 265. A. Kakao Steud. Syn. Pl. Glum. (1855) 
194. Calamagrostis conspicua Gmel. Syst. (1791) 172. Achnantherum 
conspicuum Beawy. Agrost. (1812) 146. Agrostis conspicua Roem. and 
Schult. Syst. ii (1817) 864; A. Rich. Fl. Nouv. Zel. (1832) 127; A. Cunn, 
Precur. (1836) n. 250; Raoul Choix (1846) 39. “Sg (ees 
“zs CAR GAG-Cw ep tA wee. , a $2: 
NorTH AND SovuTH ISLANDS, STEWART IstAND, CHATHAM IsLANDS: Abundant 
throughout in damp lowland situations. Toetoe-Kakaho ; culms of, Kakaho. 
The largest grass in the colony, forming a very characteristic feature of the vege- 
tation in all swampy tracts, river-banks, sandhills, &c. The culms were formerly 
largely used by the Maoris for lining their meeting-houses, and were often dyed in 
elaborate patterns. 
2. A. fulvida Buch. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. vi (1874) 242.—Habit and 
general appearance of 4. conspicua, but rather smaller, culms seldom more 
than 6 ft. high. Panicle pale-fulvous, usually more compact, broader and 
more erect, 1-2 ft. long. Spikelets 1-3-flowered. Two outer glumes shorter, 
1-2 in. long, not drawn out into such long points, and usually considerably 
shorter than the awns of the flowering glumes. Flowering glumes not so 
Ae deeply bifid at the tip, the divisions scarcely awned ; central awn exserted 
‘ beyond the outer glumes.—Buch. N.Z. Grasses (1879) t. 28; Cheesem. Man. 
N.Z. Fl. (1906) 894. A conspicua var. fulvida T. Kirk in Trans. N.Z. Inst. 
x, App. (1878) 43. 
NortH AnD SourH Iszanps: From the Bay of Islands to Foveaux Strait, not 
nearly so abundant as A. conspicua. 
This does not differ from A. conspicua except in the outer glumes not including 
the awns of the flowering glumes, and in the terminal lobes of the flowering glumes 
being shorter and scarcely awned. But these differences are easily recognized and well 
marked, and probably the species should be maintained. 
26. TRIODIA R. Br. 1210 
Perennial grasses, of very various habit. Leaves narrow, rigid. Spike- 
lets 2- to many-flowered, arranged in a lax or narrow panicle; rhachilla 
disarticulating above the 2 outer glumes and between the flowering glumes. 
Two outer glumes longer or shorter than the flowering glumes, somewhat 
rigid, empty, keeled, acute, awnless. Flowering glumes more or less im- 
bricated, rounded on the back at the base, coriaceous or chartaceous, 
often hairy on the margins and callus, 3-nerved, 3-lobed or 3-toothed at the 
apex, the lobes equal or the central one produced into a short awn or 
mucro. Palea broad, thin, with 2 almost marginal keels. Lodicules 2. 
Stamens 3. Styles short, distinct ; stigmas plumose. Grain usually com- 
pressed on the back, free within the flowering glume and palea. 
Species from 25 to 30, mostly in the temperate regions of both hemispheres, a 
few in tropical America. The New Zealand species belong to the subgenus Lhom- 
bolytrum, characterized by the lateral teeth of the flowering glume being very small 
or almost obsolete, the middle tooth being also small and mucronate. It contains a 
few Chilian and North American species in addition to the five found in New Zeaiand, 
all of which are endemic. 
Densely matted ; culms 1-3 in. Panicle often reduced to a single 
spikelet. Outer glumes ovate. Flowering glumes silky on the 
margins, distinctly 3-toothed at the apex .. “3 .. IL. 7. exigua, 
