254. CYPERACEAE. [| Carex. 
TTt Utricles glabrous, spreading when ripe; beak short. 
Rhizome long, creeping. Culms 4-8in. Leaves much longer, 
glaucous. Spikelets 3-6. Utricles large, fin. long, ovoid, 
turgid, corky, smooth He a ue .. 48. C. pumila. 
Rhizome tufted. Culms 6-l6in., slender. Leaves shorter. 
Spikelets 3-4, small. Utricles 4in. long, broadly oblong, 
turgid, strongly nerved, dark-brown a a .. 49. C. Brownit. 
TTTT Utricles glabrous, spreading when ripe (except in C. vacilans), strongly 
costate-nerved, narrowed into a long and slender acutely 2-toothed heak (beak 
shorter and obscurely toothed in C. Cockayniana). 
Yellowish-green. Culms 2-Sin. Spikelets 3-8, small, stout, 
approximate. Utricles suddenly narrowed into a long beak 50. O. Oederi. 
Culms slender, 1-2ft. Leaves harsh. Spikelets 4-9, distant, 
very slender, about $in. broad.  Utricles fusiform, hardly 
spreading 5 = = us ne ay 
Culms rather slender, 1-2 ft. Leaves harsh. Spikelets 5-8, 
distant, 4-4 in. broad; terminal one often mixed with female 
flowers. Utricles elliptic-lanceolate; beak short, obscurely 
2-toothed 1, I _ .¢ % a 
Culms stout or slender, 1-3 ft. Leaves harsh. Spikelets 5-9, 
distant or the upper approximate ; terminal one always largely 
mixed with female flowers. Uttricles elliptic-lanceolate ; beak 
long .. oy “a sy s a im 
Culms stout, 13-3ft. Leaves harsh. Spikelets 5-9, distant ; 
terminal 1-3 wholly male. Utricles elliptic-oblong ; beak long 54. C. Forsteri. 
Culms stout or slender, 1-3 ft. Leaves soft, grassy. Spikelets 
3-5, approximate or the lowermost remote ; terminal one male. 
Utricles ovate-lanceolate, stipitate; beak long, linear, with 2 
almost pungent teeth .. - 3 = .. 55. C. pseudo-cyperus. 
51. C. vacilans. 
52. C. Cockayniana. 
53. C. semi-Forsteri. 
I. C. pyrenaica Wahl. in Vet. Akad. Nya Handl. Stockh. xxiv (1803) 
159.—Culms slender, densely tufted, leafy at the base, 2-9 in. high, rarely 
more. Leaves numerous, longer or shorter than the culms, flat, oTassy, 
25-z5 In. broad, grooved beneath; margins scabrid. Spikelet solitary, 
terminal, dark chestnut-brown, +-3in. long, oblong or elliptic-oblong, 
densely many-flowered ; male flowers at the top; bract wanting or very 
short. Glumes membranous, deciduous; of the female flowers ovate or 
ovate-oblong, acute or obtuse, shorter than the utricle; of the males 
narrower, linear-oblong, subacute. Utricle stipitate, lanceolate or almost 
fusiform, gradually narrowed into an obliquely bifid beak, unequally biconvex 
or almost plano‘convex, smooth, spreading or reflexed when ripe. Styles 
usually 2 in New Zealand examples, usually 3 in Huropean or American. 
Nut oblong, lenticular—Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i (1853) 280; Handb. N.Z. 
Fl. (1864) 312; Boott Ill. Car. iv (1867) 148, t. 475-76; Cheesem. in Prans. 
N.Z. Inst. xvi (1884) 424; Man. N.Z. FI. (1906) 810; Kukenth. in 
Pfhlanzenr. Heft 38 (1909) 104. 
Var. eephalotes Kukenth. l.c. 106.—Spikelet ovate or subglobose, much smaller. 
Utricle broader than in the typical form,—C. cephalotes F. Muell. im Trans, Phil. Soc. 
Vict. i (1855) 110. 
Norru Istanp; Mounts Tongariro and Ruapehu, Cockayne, T. F.C.; Ruahine 
Mountains, Colenso! E. W. Andrews! Sovuve Istanp: Nelson—Mount Arthur, Mount 
Peel, Raglan Mountains, 7’. F. C. Canterbury—Mountains above Arthur’s Pass, Mount 
Dobson Range, Mount Cook district, 7. F. C. Westland—Kelly’s Hill, Petrie/ Otago 
—Mountains of the Lake district, Buchanan / common on the higher mountains of the 
central and western districts, Petrie! McKinnon’s Pass, F. G. Gibbs / 3500-6500 ft. 
December—March. 
ih pyrenaica is found on high mountains in most parts of the woke Var. 
cephalotes is only known in Australia and New Zealand, and in the latter country has 
only been collected on Mount Cardrona and the Remarkables. in Central Otago 
