258 CYPERACEAE, 
cA vt - AW teen - >t. (9 ) 
9. C. diandra Schrank in Acta Acad. Mogunt. (1782) 49.— Rhizome 
creeping and rooting. Culms laxly tufted, not forming dense tussocks, 
1-2 ft. high, slender, wiry, triquetrous, grooved, scabrid above. Leaves 
shorter than the culms, so-zsin. broad, flat, grassy, deeply grooved ; 
margins scabrid. Spikelets small, ovoid, few-flowered, androgynous; male 
flowers few at the top, brown or brownish-green, collected mto a linear- 
oblong or linear dense or interrupted compound spike $-17 in. long; bract 
usually obsolete.  Glumes almost equalling the utricles, ovate, acute, 
membranoais, pale-bfown ; margins broad, pale. Utricle rather small, shortly 
stipitate, ovoid, gibbous or almost cordate at the base, plano-convex or 
unequally biconvex, brown, shining, smooth on the flat face, more or less 
distinctly ribbed on the convex side, narrowed into a rather long almost 
winged serrate bidentate beak. Styles 2. Nut obovoid, biconvex.— 
Kukenth. in Pflanzenr. Heft 38 (1909) 175. C. teretiuscula Good. in Trans. 
Linn. Soe. ii (1794) 163; Hook. f. Fl. Nov, Zel. i (1853) 281; Handb. N.Z. 
Fl. (1864) 313; Cheesem. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xvi (1884) 427; Man. N.Z. 
Fl. (1906) 813. 
Norra Istanp: Swampy or peaty places from Lake Taupo southwards, not 
common. Sourn Isutanp: Abundant throughout. SSea-level to 3000 ft. De- 
cember—March, 
A common plant in the North Temperate Zone, but south of the Equator only 
known from New Zealand. It is easily distinguished by the slender wiry habit, usually 
dense spike-like panicles, small spikelets male at the top, and ovoid turgid long-beaked 
utricles, smooth on one side, but ribbed on the other. Better known to New Zealand 
and English botanists under the name of C. teretiuscula Good.; but Kukenthal has 
pointed out that Schrank’s appellation of O. diandra has twelve years’ priority. 
10. ©. appressa R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 242.—Very stout, harsh and rigid. 
Rhizome short, creeping. Culms densely tufted, 1-3 ft. high, stout, with 
the leaves often $in. diam. at the base, gid, grooved, acutely triquetrous 
with the angles sharply scabrid, leafy at the base. Leaves numerous, 
usually exceeding the culms, +-$in. broad, hard, rigid, acutely keeled, 
grooved ; keel and margins scabrid with minute recurved denticles. Spike- 
lets small, very numerous, few-flowered, androgynous, male flowers at the 
top, collected in a long and narrow spike-like panicle 3-7 in. long, the 
primary branches erect and appressed to the rhachis; bract obsolete. 
Glumes broadly ovate, acute, concave, membranous, brownish with a pale 
line down the centre; margins not silvery. Utricle shortly stipitate, 
broadly ovate, plano-convex, conspicuously many-nerved on each face, 
contracted into a short 2-toothed beak; margins broad, incurved, con- 
spicuously ciliate-denticulate. Styles 2. Nut elliptic-ovoid, biconvex.— 
Raoul Choia (1846) 40; Hook. f. Fl. Antarct. i (1844) 90; Fl. Tasm. ui 
(1860) 99; Handb. N.Z. Fl. (1864) 313; Boott Ill. Car. i (1858) 46, t. 119, 
120; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 814; Kukenth. in Pflanzenr. Heft 38 
(1909) 178 (exel. vars.). C. paniculata F. Muell. Veg. Chat. Is. (1864) 57; 
Benth. Fl. Austral. vii (1878) 440 (not of Lann.). C. paniculata var. 
appressa Cheesem. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xvi (1884) 427. 
Souts Istanp: Banks Peninsula, A. Wall; near Dunedin, Petrie! Thomson! 
Catlin’s River, Petrie ; Milford Sound, Hector. Stewart Istanp: Common near the 
sea, Thomson ! Cockayne, H. Guthrie Smith ! CuarHam Istanps: H. H. Travers ! 
AUCKLAND AND CAMPBELL IsLANDs, ANTIPODES IsLaAND: Abundant, Hooker, T. Kirk! 
and many others. 
Kukenthal unites with this species both C. virgata and C. secta. There is much 
to be said in favour of this, for it cannot be denied that intermediate forms exist between 
the three plants, and also between C. appressa and the northern C. paniculata, In 
niliemad 
