40 Ad 
oe 8 
260 CYPERACEAE, [ Carex. 
Car, i (1858) 47, t. 123, 124; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 815. C. virgata 
var. secta Hook, f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. (1864) 318. C. paniculata var. secta 
Cheesem. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xvi (1884) 428. C. appressa var. secta 
Kukenth. in Pflanzenr. Heft 38 (1909) 179. 
Var. sectoides ,Cheesem.— Culms stout, very rough. Inflorescence decompound; 
primary divisions dense, contracted, the lower shortly pedunculated. Spikelets longer. 
Utricles strongly convex on the back, brownish-black.—O. appressa var. sectoides 
Kukenth. in Pflanzenr. Heft 38 (1909) 179. 
Var. tenuicaulis Petrie in Trans. N.Z. Inst. li (1920) 19.—Culms smaller and much 
more slender. Leaves narrower. Inflorescence sparingly branched. Utricles barely 
stipitate. Probably only a reduced mountain state. 
NortH AND SouTH Istanps, Stewart Istanp: Abundant in swamps from the 
North Cape southwards. Var. sectoides—Cuatuam Istanps: Krull, Cockayne. Var. 
tenuicaults.—Mountain swamps in Canterbury and Otago, Peirie/ 7’. F. O., A. Wall! 
CHATHAM IsLtaAnDs: W. R. B. Oliver! 
Kasily distinguished from C. virgata by the much larger and laxly branched often 
decompound nodding panicles, and by the smaller utricles, which are smooth and 
shining or very indistinctly nerved. The immense tussocks formed by the matted 
rootstocks are very conspicuous objects in swampy districts, and have had the local 
name of “ nigger-heads ”’ applied to them. 
15. G. inversa A. Br. Prodr. (1810) 242.— Rhizomes long, creeping, 
often matted and forming a continuous sward. Culms numerous, 
weak, slender, usually erect, variable in height, 4-18 in., smooth, striate, 
obtusely trigonous, leafy towards the base. Leaves shorter than the culms, 
flat or keeled, grassy, s4—q in. broad; margins usually smooth. Spike- 
lets 2-5, crowded into a terminal cluster or spike, rarely a little remote, 
androgynous, pale-green, ovoid, }-4 in. long; bracts to the 2 or 3 lower 
ones long and leafy, far overtopping the inflorescence. Glumes ovate, 
acuminate or cuspidate, membranous, with a narrow green keel and pale 
almost hyaline margins. Male flowers at the base of the spikelets, usually. 
few, sometimes absent. Utricle compressed, ovate, plano-convex, narrowed 
into a rather long beak, more or less distinctly nerved on both faces; 
margins serrulate above; beak 2-fid. Styles 2. Nut lenticular—dHook. 
f. Fl. Nov. Zel, i (1853) 281; Handb. N.Z. Fl. (1864) 312; Boott Il. 
Car. iv (1867) 151, t. 488; Cheesem. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xvi (1884) 425 ; 
Man. N.Z, Fl. (1906) 816; Kukenth. in Pflanzenr. Heft 38 (1909) 189. 
C. smaragdina Col. in Trans, N.Z. Inst. xxvii (1895) 398. 
Var. costata Kukenth. in Pflanzenr. Heft 38 (1909) 189.—Clums slender. Leaves 
tlacce), Utricles intense green, with stout brownish nerves on each side. 
et 
wt, Sry. Leichardtii Boeck. in Linnaea, xxxix (1875) 70.—Culms taller. Ubtricies 
conspicuously winged, abruptly narrowed into a rather long beak.—Kukenth. l.c. 189. 
Norte anp Sourn Istanps: From Mangonui southwards, not uncommon, Var. 
costaia: Lake Wanaka, Petrie / Sea-level to 3000 ft. November—May. 
Recognized without any difficulty by the slender grassy habit, pale spikelets male 
& i base, and compressed plano-convex beaked utricles. It is a common Australian 
plant. 
14. CG. resectans Cheesem. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxiv (1892) 413.— 
Forming broad depressed patches often many feet in diam. Rhizome 
stout, woody, creeping, much branched, clothed with the fibrous remains 
of the old leaf-sheaths. Culms very short, usually from 4 to 14 in. high, 
2 
rarely more, frequently almost wanting. Leaves few, sheathing the whole 
