262 CYPERACEAE. [Carex. 
specimens. Styles 3. Nut lenticular.— Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. 1 (1853) 
981; Handb. N.Z. Fl. (1864) 312; Kukenth. in Pflanzenr. Heft 38 (1909) 225. 
C. echinata Boeck. in Linnaea, xxxix (1875) 124; Benth. Fl. Austral. vir 
(1878) 439; Cheesem. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xvi (1884) 426; Man. N.Z. FI. 
(1906) 817. 
Var. australis Aukenth. lc. 230.— Culms and leaves flaccid. Utricles with the 
margins smooth or scarcely scabrid.—C. debilis 7’. Kirk in Trans, N.Z, Inst. x (1878) 
412 (name only). 
Norra anp Soutru Isuanps, STEWART ISLAND: Marshy places from the Upper 
Thames Valley southwards, not uncommon. Sea-level to 4000 ft. November 
March. 
Widely distributed in the temperate portions of the Northern Hemisphere, but 
only known from Australia and New Zealand in the Southern. In the first edition 
of this work I followed Bentham and other well-known writers in adopting the name 
of C. echinata Murr. for this species. But the late Mr. C. B. Clarke definitely proved 
that Murray’s plant was identical with the northern C. muricata, and Kukenthal has 
arrived at the same conclusion. Under these circumstances botanists are pretty well 
agreed in taking up the next-oldest name of C. stellulata Good. The plant found in 
New Zealand is treated by Kukenthal as an endemic variety. 
17. C. lagepina Wahl. in Vet. Akad. Nya Handl. Stockh. (1803) 145.— 
Culms densely tufted, short, wiry, smooth or scabrid above, leafy at the 
base, 2-8in. high. Leaves shorter than the culms, flat, grassy, grooved, 
gi-5 in. broad; margins smooth or nearly so. Spikelets 2-4, rarely 
more, approximate in a short terminal spike about 31in. long, sessile, 
androgynous, red-brown, about 4 in. long; lowest bract short, not exceeding 
its spikelet. Glumes broadly ovate, obtuse or subacute, membranous, 
red-brown with a green midrib and pale hyaline margins. Male flowers 
at the base of the spikelets, females above. Utricle rather longer than 
its glume, red-brown, elliptic-ovate, plano-convex, not winged, faintly 
nerved, rather abruptly narrowed into a short slender beak. Styles 2. 
Nut broad, lenticular—Z. Kirk in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxvi (1894) 262; 
Petrie in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxviii (1896) 593; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. 
(1906) 818; Kukenth. in Pflanzenr. Heft 38 (1909) 213. C. Parkeri 
Petrie in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xiii (1881) 3832; Cheesem. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. 
xvi (1884) 426. 
SourH Istanp: Nelson—Dun Mountain Range, H. H. Travers! Canterbury— 
Craigieburn Mountains, Petrie/ Otago—Hector Mountains, Mount Arnould, near 
Mount Aspiring, mountains at the head of Lake Wakatipu, Petrie / Mount Cardrona, 
A. Wall. 4000-6000 ft. January—March, 
Also found in arctic and alpine Europe, north Asia, and North America, but only 
known from New Zealand in the Southern Hemisphere. Easily distinguished from 
C. leporina, to which it is allied, by the much smaller size and rounder wingless utricles. 
Certainly indigenous. 
Zz M18. €, leporina Linn. Sp. Plant. (1753) 973.—Culms laxly tufted, stout 
or rather slender, trigonous, scabrid above, 6-18 in. high. Leaves shorter 
than the culms, flat, grassy, striate, z5-bin. broad; margins minutely 
scabrid. Spikelets 4-6, crowned in an oblong lobed spike 4-1 in. long, 
sessile, androgynous, ovoid, brownish-green, shining, about 4in. long; 
lowest bract like the glumes or rarely with a short leafy point. Glumes 
oblong-ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or subacute, pale-brown with a 
green midrib and hyaline margins. Male flowers at the base of the spike- 
lets, female above. Utricle equalling its glume, elliptic-ovoid, plano- 
