var. 
Carex. | CYPERACEAE, 277 
Nut elliptic-obovoid, trigonous; style-base dilated just above the top of 
the nut.—Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i (1853) 283, t. 63a; Handb. N.Z. Fl. (1864) 
316; Fl. Tasm. ii (1860) 101; Benth. Fl. Austral. vii (1878) 445; Boott 
Ill. Car. iv (1867) 181 ; Cheesem. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xvi (1884) 439; Man. 
N.Z. Fl. (1906) 833; Kukenth. in Pflanzenr. Heft 38 (1909) 469. 
Norra anp Souru Istanps: Abundant from the North Cape to Foveaux Strait. 
Sea-level to 3000 ft. October—March. 
Easily recognized by the small size and pubescent utricles. Also found in Aus- 
tralia and Tasmania, the Himalaya Mountains, China, and Japan. 
48. C. pumila Thunb. Fl. Jap. (1784) 39—Rhizome long, creeping, 
often many feet in length. Culms short, stout, 4-8 in. high, leafy through- 
out. Leaves much longer than the culms, +;-}in. broad, rigid, keeled, 
grooved, glaucous-green, recurved above, tapering into long subulate points. 
Spikelets 5-6, approximate ; terminal one male, slender, 3-1 in. long, often 
with one or two much smaller ones near its base; remainder all female, 
sometimes with male flowers at the top, oblong, stout, 4 in. long, }-} in. 
broad, sessile or the lowest shortly pedunculate; bracts long and leafy. 
Glumes ovate-oblong, membranous, chestnut-brown with pale hyaline 
margins ; midrib stout, produced into a short awn or barely excurrent.. 
Utricle very large, much exceeding the glumes, }in. long, thick and 
corky, turgid, ovoid, smooth or obsoletely nerved, brown, narrowed into a 
short bidentate beak. Styles 3. Nut brown, ovoid, trigonous.—Booit Jil. 
Car. iv (1867) 217; Hook. f. Handb. N.Z. Fl. (1864) 315; Benth. FI. 
Austral. vil (1878) 445; Cheesem. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xvi (1884) 439 ; 
Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 834; Kukenth. in Pflanzenr. Heft 38 (1909) 738. 
C. littorea Lab. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii (1806) 69, t. 219; Raoul Chorw (1846) 40 ; 
Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. 1 (1853) 284. ; 
MrmAcar?ec< a >< 
NortH AND SoutH Istanps: Sandy shores from the North Cape to Foveaux 
Strait, abundant. October-January. See Breti Mec- C-(1. = FIGBaorn 
Very distinct from any other New Zealand species. The long running rhizomes, 
glaucous keeled leaves, and large smooth and turgid utric’es are conspiouous characters. 
Common in Australia and Tasmania, along the eastern coasts of Asia, and in extra- 
tropical South America. It is a useful plant in the reclamation of sand-dunes. 
49. C. Brownii Tuckerm. Enum. Car, (1843) 21.—Culms tufted, slender, 
smooth, leafy at the base, 8-16in. high. Leaves shorter than the culms, 
flat, grassy, $4in. broad; margins smooth or very slightly. scabrid, 
Spikelets 3-4; terminal one male, small, +4 in. long, slender, often 
few-flowered ; remainder all female, 4-2in. long, about }in. broad, 
dusky-brown, the two upper close together, on very short peduncles or 
subsessile, the third (when present) usually remote, on a slender erect 
peduncle sometimes 3in. long; bracts leafy, rather short, but the upper 
exceeding the inflorescence. Male glumes narrow, membranous, termi- 
nating in a very long foliaceous awn. Female glumes with a small 
lanceolate or linear-oblong base ending in a serrulate awn equalling or 
shorter than the utricle. Uéricles spreading when ripe, about fin. long, 
broadly oblong or ovoid, turgid, cbscurely trigonous, strongly nerved, 
dull-brown ; beak very short, tipped with 2 pale-brown teeth. Styles 3. 
Nut obovoid-oblong, pale, trigonous.—Boott Ill. Car. iv (1867) 161, +. 532 : 
Benth. Fl, Austral. vi (1878) 447; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 834: 
Kukenth. in Pfhlanzenr. Heft 38 (1909) 612. C. striata R. Br. Prod, (1810) 
243 (not of Michaua). 
4 
