292 , JUNCACEAE. [ Juncus, 
Gis. - ‘ is 
Pra. em 2, JUNCUS Linn.17 35 
Perennial or more rarely annual herbs; stems usually densely tufted. 
Leaves mostly or all radical, stout or slender, terete, compressed or flat, 
sometimes reduced to sheathing scales. Flowers small, hermaphrodite, in 
axillary or terminal fascicles or cymes or panicles. Perianth-segments 6, 
alumaceous, distinct, lanceolate or oblong, margins often scarious, the 3 
outer often with the midrib keeled or thickened. Stamens 6 or rarely 3. 
Ovary more or less perfectly 3-celled, rarely I-celled; ovules usually 
numerous in cach cell; style divided to the middle into 3 lear stigmatic 
lobes. Capsule completely or incompletely 3-celled, 3-valved. Seeds 
small, ovoid or obovoid ; testa minutely striate and reticulate. 
E A large genus of about 200 species, many of them widely distributed and some 
almost cosmopolitan. Of the 17 species found in New Zealand, 4 have a wide range, 
especially in the Northern Hemisphere; 9 extend to Australia and Tasmania, but not 
to any other countries; one stretches through Australia to eastern Asia and as far 
northwards as China and Japan; another occurs in antarctic South America; and 2 
are endemic. 
A. Genuini. Stems tall, terete, produced beyond the cyme into an erect oflen pungent tip, 
base clothed with leafless sheaths. Leaves wanting, or rarely I or 2 terete like the stem. 
* Leaves wanting. 
+ Capsule conspicuously longer than the perianth, ovoid-trigonous. 
Stems very tall and stout, 2-5 ft. x ¢-+in. Flowers distinct in 
the cyme, not collected into separate groups. Stamens usually 6 1. J. pallidus. 
Stems very slender, 9-24in. x s4-;,in. Cyme lax, flowers not 
very numerous, distinct in the cyme. Stamens 6-3 .. .. 2. J. pauciflorus, 
+} Capsule equalling the perianth or very slightly exceeding it. 
Stems rather stout, 2-4ft. x ~,-¢in. Flowers ;4,-4 in., collected 
into many-flowered globose heads. Stamens usually 3.  Cap- 
sule broadly oblong : pe 3 4 ; 
Stems slender, 1-3 ft. x >A,-¢in. Flowers ;4-,in., usually dis- 
tinct in the cyme. Stamens 3. Capsule small, thin, almost 
globose .. ¥ as ay *, af .. 4. J. polyanthemos. 
3. J. vaginatus. 
** Leaves 1 or 2, terete like the stem. 
Tall salt- marsh plant, 1-3ft. Cyme large, many - flowered. 
Stamens 6. Capsule ovoid-trigonous L aK .. 5. J. maritimus. 
B. Graminifolii. Stem leafy at the base and sometimes upwards as well. Leaves flat or 
semiterete, not septate within. 
Annual, much branched. Leaves setaceous. Flowers pale, 
distinct Aye a “, a 5d fe; 
Perennial, simple, 5-10in. high. Leaves grassy, channelled. 
Flowers in clusters of 2-6 near the end of the stems .. es 
Perennial, simple. Leaves grassy, flat or involute. Cyme ter- 
minal, lax. Flowers pale, distinct .. 5 At 3 
Tall, 6-18in. Leaves flat, all radical. Flowers brown, in dis- 
tinct clusters. Stamens 3.. + .. J gal re 
Tall, 6-18 in. Leaves flat orinvolute, allradical. Flowers brown, 
in distinct clusters, contracted (in the N.Z. form) into a compound 
. J. bufonius. 
. J. plebeius. 
. J. tenuis. 
OP EY ee ey 
. J. planifolius. 
head. Stamens 6 are wn be oe .. 10. J. caespiticius. 
Small, 1-4in. Leaves all radical, almost terete. Flowers brown, , 
in a terminal 2-8-flowered head... ie Me .. LL. J. antarchicus. 
C. Articulati. Stem leafy at the base and often upwards as well. Leaves terete or 
compressed, septate within, the septa usually prominent externally. 
Stems 9-24in., compressed, 2-edged. Leaves ~4-}in. across, 
flat, multitubular. Cyme very large and compound; flowers 
brown. Stamens 3 # ™ via an .. 12. J. prismatocarpus. 
