Nothofagus. | FAGACEAB, 377 
lobes with two or three transverse fringed lamellae. Nuts 2—3-winged, 
ovoid, acute.—Cockayne Veg. N.Z. (1921) t. 55, 56. Fagus cliffortioides 
Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. Plant. (1844) t. 673 and t. 8168, Raoul Choix (1846) 
42; Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. 1 (1853) 230; Handb, N.Z. Fl. (1864) 250; 
T. Kirk Forest Fl. (1889) tt. 101, 101a; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 643. 
Norru IstaNnp: Mountain districts from the East Cape and Tongariro southwards 
Sourn Isnanp: Abundant in the mountains throughout, usually forming the greater 
portion of the subalpine forests. Altitudinal range from 2000ft. to 4500 ft., but 
descending to sea-level in one or two localities in Westland, and in the sounds on the 
south-west coast of Otago. Tawhai-rauriki ; Mountain-beech. December—January. 
Closely allied to N. Solandri, but much smaller, with the leaves truly ovate, broadest 
at the base, and usually acute at the tip. Wood very similar to that of N. Solandri. 
Family XXVII. MORACEAE. 
Trees or shrubs, rarely herbs; usually with milky sap. Leaves 
alternate, seldom opposite, stipules present. Flowers monoecious Or 
dioecious, generally small and inconspicuous, arranged in heads, spikes, 
or catkins. Perianth 3-4-lobed or -partite; lobes valvate or imbricate. 
Stamens usually as many as the perianth-lobes ; filaments inflexed in bud. 
Ovary almost always superior, |-celled ; ovule solitary, pendulous. Style 
terminal or subterminal, Fruit small, 1-seeded, dry or rarely succulent. 
As defined in the ‘“* Pflanzenfamilien,” this is a family of 50 or 60 genera, probably 
containing 850 species, most of which are tropical. It ineludes quite a large number 
of useful plants, only a few of which can be mentioned here. Of edible species, the 
fig, mulberry, and bread-fruit are the most important. Of fibre-plants, the common 
hemp and the paper-mulberry are well-known species. Several species of Ficus, and 
notably F. elastica, yield indiarubber. Ficus indica is the well-known banyan. The 
upas-tree (Antiaris toxicaria) is highly poisonous. The single New Zealand genus is 
also found in eastern Polynesia. 
1. PARATROPHIS Blume. /SS2. 
Trees with milky juice. Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate, crenate or 
almost entire, penninerved ; stipules small, lateral, caducous. Flowers 
dioecious, in axillary or rarely terminal solitary or geminate spikes. 
Male flowers : Numerous, usually closely placed. Perianth small, 4-partite ; 
segments broad, obtuse, concave, imbricate. Stamens 4; filaments inflexed 
in bud: anthers didymous, 2-celled. Rudimentary ovary turbinate. 
Female flowers: Few and lax, or numerous and dense. Perianth very 
small, 4-partite; segments unequal, closely imbricate. Ovary straight, 
sessile, exserted, l-celled ; style deeply 2-partite ; ovule solitary, pendulous. 
Fruit drupaceous, seated on the slightly enlarged persistent perianth, 
globose or ovoid, tipped by the short style ; exocarp thin, fleshy ; endocarp 
crustaceous. Seed subglobose; albumen scanty; cotyledons broad, 
foliaceous, conduplicate. 
A small genus of 10 species, 3 of which are found in New Zealand, 5 in the Pacific 
islands, and 2 in the Philippines. 
Leaves 4-ldin. Female spikes }-}in., 3-8-flowered. Drupes 
1-3 ripening on each spike, 4in. diam, ; ve a 
Leaves 14-34in. Female spikes 4-1] in., 8-25-flowered. Drupes 
usually many ripening on each spike, fin. diam. .. ie 
Leaves 4-8in., entire. Female spikes 2—4in., many-flowered ; 
flowers in 2 rows on each side of the rhachis. Drupe din. diam. 3. P. Smitha. 
1. P. microphylla. 
bo 
. P. opaca. 
