Exocarpus.] SANTALACEAE. 389 
Perianth-segments usually 5, but sometimes 4 or 6. Stamens the same 
number; filaments short. Nut oblong, black, about 4in. long, peduncle 
much enlarged and thickened, often red and succulent, the perianth- 
segments persistent under the fruit.—Handb. N.Z. Fl. (1864) 246; Cheesem. 
Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 625. 
Soura Istanp: Not uncommon in the mountains of Nelson, Marlborough, 
Canterbury, and northern Otago. 1000-4000 ft. December-February. 
Family XXXI. LORANTHACEAE. VSS? F% 
Parasitic shrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, simple and entire, 
coriaceous, sometimes reduced to scales or wanting; stipules absent. 
Flowers regular, hermaphrodite or unisexual, axillary or terminal, solitary 
or in racemes or spikes or fascicles, usually with a bract on each pedicel 
and 2 bracteoles below each flower. Perianth double, outer adnate to the 
ovary, limb short or barely evident, truncate or 4—6-toothed ; inner 3-6- 
lobed, lobes free or united into a tube, valvate. Stamens as many as the 
divisions of the perianth, usually irserted on them; filaments short or 
long; anthers introrse, 2-celled. GC ry inferior, I-celled ; style short or 
long; stigma simple; ovule solitary, erect, adnate to the walls of the 
ovary. Fruit a l-seeded berry or drupe, pericarp usually viscid. Seed 
generally albuminous; embryo straight, axile, radicle superior. 
A family comprising 21 genera and about 525 species, chiefly found in the tropical 
or warm regions of both hemispheres, with comparatively few species in the temperate 
zones. The order has no important properties or economic value, and the common 
mistletoe is the only species of any repute. Of the 5 New Zealand genera, Tupeia is 
endemic; the remaining two are widely distributed in both temperate and tropical 
climates. 
* Perianth double. 
Ovary more or less distinctly 2- or more celled .. .. 1. ELYTRANTHE. 
Ovary distinctly l-celled. Anthers basifixed + .. 2. LORANTHUS. 
Ovary distinctly l-celled. Anthers versatile AP .. 3. PHRYGILANTHUS, 
~** Perianth single. 
Leaty. Flowers in axillary or terminal panicles .. .. 4, TUPETA. 
Leafless. Flowers at the nodes of the jointed stems or branches 5. KoRTHALSELLA. 
An important series of memoirs on the structure and classification of this family, 
by the French botanist Van Tieghem, was printed in the Bulletin of the Botanical 
Society of France for the years 1894-96 (vols. xli-xliii), One of these memoirs, 
entitled “Sur les Loranthoidées de la Nouvelle-Zelande,’’ deals specially with the New 
Zealand species, and contains many original and valuable observations. Van 
Tieghem’s researches have to a large extent supplied the basis of a new classification 
of the family proposed by Engler in “Die Pflanzenfamilien ’* (Nachtrage, i, 124), 
although most of his genera are reduced to the position of subgenera or sections. The 
following arrangement of the New Zealand species is based largely on Engler’s views. 
1, ELYTRANTHE Blume. !% >< 
Parasitic shrubs. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate, usually coriaceous. 
Flowers hermaphrodite, often brilliantly coloured, red, orange, or yellow, 
rarely green; sessile in the axils of the leaves, or more generally arranged 
in short spikes or stalked clusters. Perianth double; outer (calyx) adnate 
to the ovary, limb obscurely sinuate or truncate; inner (corolla) tubular 
