642 | ARALIACEAE. | Pseudopanan. 
that his variety trifoliolatum always passes through a trifoliolate stage, whereas in 
some districts it is difficult to find any specimens in that stage, and quite easy to prove 
that many individuals assume the mature foliage without producing any compound 
leaves. 
5. P. ferox 7. Kirk Forest Fl. (1889) 35, tt. 23, 24, 25, 26.—A small 
slender tree 12-20 ft. high; trunk 6-12in. diam. Leaves very variable, 
but always simple; of seedlings narrow linear-lanceolate ; of young un- 
branched plants deflexed, 12-18 in. long, 4-1 in. wide, narrow-lnear, slightly 
enlarged at the tip, gradually narrowed into a short stout petiole, exces- 
sively thick and coriaceous, rigid, coarsely and irregularly lobulate-dentate ; 
teeth large, acute, hooked, almost spinous. Leaves of mature plants 
erect, 3-6 in. long, }-3 in. broad, linear-obovate, obtuse or apiculate, gradu- 
ally narrowed into a short stout petiole, very thick and coriaceous, entire 
or obscurely toothed near the tip. Umbels terminal; males of 6-10 slender 
rays bearing numerous racemose flowers; females of much shorter rays 
ending in 2+4-flowered umbellules. Stamens usually 4. Ovary 5-celled ; 
styles 5, connate into a column. Fruit broadly oblong, large, 4in. diam. 
—Students’ Fl. (1899) 222; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 235. Panax 
ferox T. Kirk in Trans. N.Z, Inst. x (1878) App. xxxiv. PP. crassifolium 
Buch. in Trans. N.Z. Inst. ix (1877) 529, t. 20 (not of Dene. and Planch.). 
Nortu Istanp: Auckland—Reef Point, near Ahipara, R. H. Matthews! H. Carse! 
between Whangape and Hokianga, 7’. Kirk; East Cape, Bishop Williams. SoutTH 
IsLAND: Nelson—Wairoa, Hector and 7. Kirk/ F. G. Gibbs ! Moutere and Matukituki, 
T. Kirk! Motueka Valley and Graham River, 7. F. C. Canterbury—Lake Forsyth, 
T. Kirk! Raincliffe Reserve, Cockayne. Otago—Vicinity of Dunedin, Buchanan/ 
Petrie, H. J. Matthews! Otepopo and Lake Wakatipu, Petrie / Croydon Bush, near 
Gore, Poppelwell, Speden! Green Island, Taieri Gorge, Clifden, B. C. Aston; Lake 
Wanaka, Cockayne. Sea-level to 2000 ft. HN 
Easily distinguished from P. crassifolium by the large and broad-hooked teeth 
of the deflexed leaves, by the slender racemes of the male flowers, and by the large 
fruit. Although its area of distribution stretches over the greater part of the Dominion, 
it is singularly rare, and is seldom found in any quantity. 
6. P. chathamicum 7. Kirk Students’ Fl. (1899) 223.—A small tree 
20-25 ft. high; branches stout. Leaves dimorphic, always simple; of 
young unbranched plants never deflexed, 2-6in. long, 3-1} in. broad, 
lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute, coarsely or finely toothed towards 
the tip, membranous or slightly coriaceous ; of mature plants 5-8 in. long, 
linear-obovate or oblanceolate, subacute obtuse or truncate at the apex, 
gradually narrowed into a short winged petiole, obscurely sinuate-dentate 
or with 2-3 coarse teeth near the apex. Umbels terminal: male very 
large, of 6-10 primary rays, each with 5-8 slender secondary ones 2-3 in. 
long, carrying crowded racemose flowers often mixed with small umbel- 
lules : female umbels smaller ; rays 3-7, slender, 2-4 in. long, terminating 
in 6—10-flowered umbellules, with or without a few scattered flowers below. 
Stamens usually 4. Ovary 5-celled; styles 5, connate into a short trun- 
cate column. Fruit nearly globose, large, 4in. diam., 5-celled, 5-seeded.— 
Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 236; Ill. N.Z. Fl. i (1914) t. 75. 
CuatHam Istanps: Abundant in woods throughout the islands, J. D. Enys! 
F. A. D. Cox! Cockayne: ~ Hoho. February. 
The absence of linear deflexed leaves in the young stage, the larger and broader 
leaves of the mature plant, and the large globose fruit at once separate it from 
P. crassifolium and P. feroz. 
