Solanum. | f SOLANACEAE. 769 
N.Z. Fl. (1864) 200; Benth. Fl. Austral. iv (1869) 447; Cheesem. Man. 
N.Z. Fl. (1906) 481. 58. lacimatum Az. Hort. Kew, ed. 1 (1789) 247; 
A. Cunn. Precur. (1838) n. 386; Raoul Choix (1846) 43. 
Var. albiflora Cheesem. Trans. N.Z. Inst. lii (1920) 11.—More slender ; leaves pale- 
green, thinner and more delicate ; veins pale-green or yellowish-green. Flowers white. 
KerMADEC IsLANDs, NortTH AND SoutTH JsLanps, CHatrHam IstaANDS: Abundant 
in lowland districts as far as Foveaux Strait. Poporo ; Poroporo ; Kohoho. Flowers 
most of the year. 
Also common in many parts of Australia and Tasmania, and in Norfolk Island, 
The fruit is edible, and was made into jam by the early colonists. For further par- 
ticulars respecting var. albiflora, see Trans. N.Z. Inst. lii (1920) 11. 
Family XCIII. SCROPHULARIACEAE. 
Herbs or shrubs, rarely small trees. Lower leaves usually opposite, 
upper alternate, or all opposite or all alternate; stipules wanting. 
Flowers generally irregular, hermaphrodite. Calyx inferior, persistent, 
 4-5-toothed or -lobed, sometimes of 5 free sepals. Corolla eamopetalous, 
hypogynous, commonly 2-lipped but sometimes almost regular, 4—5-lobed ; 
lobes imbricate in bud. Stamens inserted on the tube of the corolla, 
either 2, or 4 in 2 pairs, 2 long and 2 short (didynamous), sometimes the 
rudiment of a fifth sontoeil is present or rarely all 5 are present and 
perfect ; anthers 1-2-celled, cells distinct or confluent. Ovary superior, 
2-celled ; style simple ; stigma entire, 2-lobed or 2-lamellate ; ovules 
usually numerous in each cell, anatropous or amphitropous, placentas 
affixed to the septum. Fruit a 2-celled many-seeded capsule, rarely an 
indehiscent berry. Seeds small, generally numerous, various in form ; 
albumen fleshy, seldom wanting; embryo straight or rarely curved. 
A large tamily, scattered over the whole world, but far better represented in 
temperate regions or in mountainous districts than in very warm climates. Genera 
about 200; species estimated at 2600. The medicinal properties of the family are 
very various. A few species are purgative, others are astringent or tonic, a far 
greater number are acrid and bitter or even poisonous: The foxglove (Digitalis) is 
the only one largely used medicinally, although many others are occasionally employed, 
The family contains many handsome garden-plants, especially of the genera Calceolaria, 
Antirrhinum, Pentstemon, Mimulus, Digitalis, and Veronica. Of the 10 genera found 
in New Z ealand, Siphonidium is endemic : Jovellana (which is hardly separable from 
Calceolaria) occurs elsewhere only in South America; Ourisia is also mainly South 
American, but extends to Tasmania as well; Glossostigma is confined to Australia and 
New Zealand. ‘The remaining 5 have a wide distribution in both temperate and 
tropical regions. 
A. Antirrhinidae. Upper lip (or two upper lobes) of the corolla always outside the others 
in bud. 
* Stamens 2. 
Calyx 4-partite. Corolla 2-lipped, lips inflated 1. JOVELLANA, 
Calyx 5-partite. Corolla 2-lipped, lips not inflated 4. GRATIOLA, 
** Stamens 4. 
Flowers axillary in the New Zealand species. Calyx 5-angled 
and -toothed. Corolia 2-lipped. Stigma 2-lamellate 2. MIMULUS. 
Flowers in terminal racemes. Calyx 5-partite, not angled. 
Corolia 2-lipped. Stigma 2-lamellate Ae M. .. 3. Mazus. 
Flowers axillary, solitary. Calyx 3-4-lobed. Corolla nearly 
regular. Stigma spathulate .. 6, GLOSSOSTIGMA, 
Flowers axillary. Calyx 5- toothed, Corolla rotate, Stigma 
clavate i 6. LIMOSELLA. 
25—F'l. 
