See Blac +H4.S. Auch. p.66) 
Cat Vict 45 
Sonchus. | COMPOSITAE. 1031 
* Annual. 
Upper leaves amplexicaul, with rounded auricles. Achenes longi- ~ 
tudinaily ribbed, not transversely wrinkled ay ; 
Upper leaves amplexicaul, with acute auricles. Achenes longitudin- 
ally ribbed and transversely wrinkled "6 $s .. 2. S. oleraceus. 
1. S. asper. 
** Perennial, 
Leaves large, 1-2} ft. long. Heads 1-1} in. diam., purplish ; pedi- 
cels cottony 3. S. grandifolius. 
ae TST. G7. a 42777. 
Avotea.. §. asper Hill Herb. Brit. i, 47.—A tall succulent annual herb 
2-3 {t. high, with a hollow grooved stem, glabrous or sparsely glandular 
above. Leaves lanceolate, entire or toothed or pinnatifid ; margins waved 
or crisped, spinous-toothed ; lower ones petiolate, upper semi-amplexicaul 
with rounded auricles. Heads ?-1 in. diam., crowded in a short corymbose 
panicle, sometimes almost umbellate. Involucre glabrous, bracts acute. 
Achenes oblong, compressed, longitudinally ribbed but not marked with 
tranverse wrinkles or asperities.—T7’. Kirk Students’ Fl. (1899) 362 ; Cheesem. 
Man. N.Z. Fl, (1906) 387. 8. oleraceus var. 8 Hook, f. Fl. Nov. Zel. 1 
1853) 153; Handb. N.Z. Fl. (1864) 166. : PF ’ 
a (1864) 168) tn. Cop. Bot Sune. Kap Id 107 
Var. littoralis 7. Kirk in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxvi (1894) 265.—Often biennial or 
perennial. Stems rather stout, 1-2 ft. high, sparingly branched ; root thick and fleshy. 
Leaves mostly radical, spreading, 3-7 in. long, linear-oblong or linear-obovate, obtuse 
or acute, finely or coarsely toothed, rather thick, almost fleshy; cauline leaves few, 
acute, amplexicaul. Outer involucral bracts obtuse, inner acute. Achenes longitudin- 
ally ribbed, glabrous.—Students’ FI. (1899) 362 ; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 388. 
NorgreH AND South IsLanps, Stewart Isnanp, CHATHAM IsLANDS: Abundant 
throughout, from the North Cape southwards ; the variety Jittoralzs confined to maritime 
cliffs. Sow-thistle ; Rauroroa; Tawheke; Puwha. Flowers from spring to 
autumn. 
As this was collected by Banks and Solander it must be regarded as indigenous. 
The variety littoralis is a very curious form, and may be entitled to rank as a species, 
as has been suggested by Dr. Cockayne. 
Lara, S. oleraceus Linn. Sp. Plant. (1753) 794.—A tall erect annual herb 
2-3 ft. high, glabrous or sparsely glandular above. ~ Leaves lanceolate, 
entire or toothed or pinnatifid; margins flat or nearly so, not crisped ; 
lower ones petiolate, upper semi-amplexicaul with sagittate acute auricles, 
Heads 3-1 in. diam., crowded in a short corymbose panicle, often subumbel- 
late. Involucres glabrous or slightly cottony at the base, sometimes with 
a few glandular hairs. Achenes linear-oblong, compressed, longitudinally 
grooved and conspicuously transversely wrinkled.—S. oleraceus var. a 
Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i (1853) 153; Handb. N.Z. Fl. (1864) 166; 
T. Kirk Students’ Fl. (1899) 362 ; Cheesem. Man. N.Z. Fl. (1906) 388. 
Kermapec Istanps, NortH aNnp SoutH Is~tAnps, Stewart Istanp, CHATHAM 
Istanps: Abundant throughout. Sow-thistle ; Pororua ; Raurikt. Flowers from 
spring to autumn. Perhaps not truly native. 
3. S. grandifolius £7. Kirk in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxvi (1894) 266.— 
Rootstock stout, fleshy, creeping, sometimes 24 in. diam. Stem tall, robust, 
succulent, corymbosely branched above, 2-5{ft. high. JRadical leaves 
1-24 ft. long, 4-8 in. broad ; petioles 6-9 in., stout, dilated at the base but 
not amplexicaul; blade oblong or ovate-oblong, irregularly pinnatifid or 
pinnate; segments 4-6 pairs, broad, overlapping, coarsely doubly serrate 
or dentate, almost spinous-toothed, subcoriaceous, scabrid above, veins 
