1034 APPENDIX. 
3. Salviniaceae. Sporanyia of 2 kinds, macrosporangia and micro- 
sporangia, enclosed in distinct sporocarps on the under-surface of the 
frond. Macrosporangia containing a single macrospore ; microsporangia 
with numerous microspores.—Free-floating fugacious annual water-plants, 
of small size. (p. 96.) 
4. Lyeopodiaceae. Sporangia all of one kind, placed singly at the 
upper base of the leaves or of the bracts of a spike or cone.—Stems simple 
or branched, erect or pendulous, or prostrate and creeping, usually leafy 
throughout ; leaves small. (p. 96.) 
5. Isoetaceae. Sporangia large, placed in a hollow of the dilated base 
of the leaf, those of the outer leaves containing macrospores, those of the 
inner leaves microspores._Aquatic or amphibious stemless plants, often 
entirely submerged ; leaves densely tufted, linear or filiform. (p. 106.) 
The remaining classes and orders of Cryptogamia are not included in the 
present work. 
SuBKkINGpoM II. SPERMATOPHYTA. 
Plants producing seeds which contain an embryo formed of one or more 
rudimentary leaves. Microspores (poilen-grains) contained in micro- 
sporangia (anther-cells). Macrosporangia (ovules) borne on a flat or 
enrolled modified leaf (carpel), each containing a single macrospore (embryo- 
sac). This is fertilized by means of a tube (pollen-tube) proceeding from 
a pollen-grain. 
Cuass [. GYMNOSPERMAE. 
Ovules naked, not enclosed in an ovary; style and stigma wanting, 
6. Pinaceae. Resinous trees or shrubs, usually but not invariably 
monoecious. fruit a perfect cone with more or less woody scales. Seeds 
without an aril. (p. 107.) 
7. Taxaceae. Jesinous trees or shrubs, usually but not invariably 
dioecious. Fruit rarely a cone, often drupaceous. Seeds frequently with 
an aril, (p. 110.) 
Ciass If. ANGIOSPERMAE. 
Ovules enclosed in a closed cavity (ovary). Stigmas one or more. 
Susciass 1. MONOCOTYLEDONS. 
Stem consisting of a cellular axis traversed longitudinally by scattered 
closed vascular bundles, with no defined central pith or separable bark. 
Leaves usually with parallel veins. Parts of the flower generally in threes 
or fours, never mm fives. Embryo with a single terminal cotyledon. 
Order I. Pandanales. 
_ Aquatic or marsh plants or trees with linear leaves. Flowers naked, 
in compound heads or spikes. 
8. Typhaceae. Tall herbs with linear leaves and cylindrical spikes 
5 tay flowers. Perianth wanting, or reduced to linear scales or bristles. 
p. 121. 
