APPENDIX. 1035 
9. Pandanaceae. Trees or climbing shrubs; leaves narrow, spinulose- 
serrate. Flowers dioecious, on oblong or globose spadices. Perianth 
wanting. Stamens numerous. Ovaries crowded, often connate, |-celled. 
Ovules numerous in the New Zealand genus. (p. 122.) 
10. Sparganiaceae. Herbs with creeping rhizomes bearing linear leaves 
sheathing at the base. Flowers monoecious, crowded in globose heads, 
the male heads uppermost. Perianth reduced to a few chaffy scales. 
(p. 123.) 
Order Il. Naiadales. 
Aquatic or marsh plants, leaves various. Flowers hermaphrodite or 
unisexual, Perianth present or rudimentary. Carpels 1 or more, usually 
distinct and separate. 
11. Naiadaceae. ‘Submerged or floating plants or marsh - herbs. 
Perlanth wanting or of 5-6 herbaceous segments. Stamens 1-6. Ovary 
of 1-6 free or connate carpels, each I-celled and with a solitary ovule. 
(p. 124.) 
Order Ill. Glumiflorae. 
Herbs, rarely woody. Stems (culms) usually simple. Leaves long and 
narrow, entire or minutely serrulate. Flowers without a perianth, usually 
hermaphrodite, m the axils of chaffy scales (glumes), arranged in spikes or 
spikelets. 
12. Gramineae. Stem cylindrical, hollow except at the nodes; leaf- 
sheaths split to the base. Flowers hermaphrodite or rarely unisexual. 
Perianth wanting or represented by 2 minute scales. Anthers versatile. 
(p. 152.) 
13, Cyperaceae. Stem usually solid and trigonous; leaf - sheaths 
entire. Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual. Perianth wanting or repre- 
sented by minute hypogynous scales or bristles. Anthers basifixed. Ovary 
l-celled. Fruit compressed or trigonous. (p. 212.) 
Order IV. Principes. 
Trees or woody plants, rarely climbing; leaves large, flabellately or 
pinnately divided. Perianth green, herbaceous or fleshy, of 6 segments 
or leaflets. Stamens usually 6, Ovary 1-3-celled ; ovules solitary in each 
cell. Fruit drupaceous. 
14, Palmae. Includes the whole order. (p. 281.) 
Order V. Spathiflorae. 
Herbs, very variable in size and habit, but in the greater part of the 
order the inflorescence 1s composed of a fleshy spadix bearing the staminate 
flowers towards the top and the pistillate below, the whole usually enclosed 
in a spathe. But in the one family represented in New Zealand the plant 
is greatly reduced in size, and the flowers are of very simple structure. 
15. Lemnaceae. Minute water-plants, consisting of green floating 
fronds. Flowers minute, without perianth, placed in clefts on the margins 
of the fronds, usually a single female with one or two males by its side. 
Male flowers of a single stamen; female of a solitary carpel. (p. 282.) 
