APPENDIX. 1037 
3 or 6, inserted on the tube of the perianth, Ovary imferior, 1-celled or 
3-celled. Fruit a capsule; seeds minute, testa more or less elongated ; 
albumen present. (p. 329.) 
23. Orchidaceae. ‘Terrestrial or epiphytic plants of very various habit. 
Flowers hermaphrodite, irregular, either solitary or arranged in spikes, 
racemes, or panicles. Perianth petaloid, superior, of 6 more or less com- 
bined segments ; the 3 outer (sepals) similar or nearly so; 2 of the inner 
ones (petals) lateral, alike; the third inner one (lip) dissimilar, usually 
larger and often spurred. Stamens variously united with the style and 
forming the column; anther 1 (2 in Cypripedium), 2-celled. Capsule 
3-celled. Seeds numerous, minute; testa hyatine, reticulated. Albumen 
wanting. (p. 330.) 
Susotass Il. DICOTYLEDONS. 
Stem consisting of a pith in the centre, of bark on the outside, and of 
interposed vascular tissue ; when perennial increasing in diameter annually 
by the addition of a new layer of woody or vascular tissue to the outside 
of the old wood, and of a new layer of bark to the inside of the old bark. 
Leaves usually with reticulated veins. Parts of the flower generally in 
fours or fives or eights. Embryo usually with two opposite cotyledons. 
Division I. ARCHICHLAMYDEAE, 
Petals separate or distinct from each other, or wanting. 
Order Piperales. 
Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, arranged in a spike or spadix, 
bracteate. Perianth usually absent. Ovary generally superior, 1-celled ; 
rarely inferior and of several carpels. Fruit drupaceous ; seed with copious 
albumen. 
24. Piperaceae. Herbs, shrubs, or small trees; leaves alternate or 
opposite. Flowers minute; perianth wanting. Stamens 2-6, hypogynous. 
Ovary superior; ovule erect, orthotropous. Fruit a berry. (p. 368.) 
25. Chloranthaceae. Shrubs or small trees, leaves opposite. Flowers 
minute; perianth rudimentary. Stamens 1-3. Ovary inferior; ovule 
orthotropous, pendulous from the apex of the cell. Fruit a berry. (p. 371.) 
Order Fagales. 
Trees or shrubs; leaves alternate, stipulate. Flowers small, monoecious 
or rarely dioecious. Male flowers in spikes or in more or less capitate 
clusters. Perianth simple, 4-6-lobed. Stamens 5-20. Female flowers 
solitary or few together, surrounded by bracts, which are often combined 
into a lobed or entire involucre, Perianth adnate to the ovary, limb 
wanting or 3-6-lobed. Ovary inferior, 1-3-celled, ovules usually 2 in each 
cell. Fruit a l-seeded nut. 
26. Fagaceae. Trees or shrubs. Flowers monoecious, the males in 
spikes or capitate clusters; females enclosed by an involucre of partly or 
wholly united bracts. Stamens 4-20. Female perianth adnate to the 
2-3-celled ovary; ovules ]—2 in each cell, but only one in each ovary 
ripens. Fruit enclosed in the persistent and more or less hardened 
mveolucre. (p. 372.) 
