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(3) Training and Pruning — The present thinking is toward training 
dwart apples to a low—headed, epen—center type sinilar to a peach tree, 
Also, a8 inthe case of peaches, a judicious heading-back type of 
pruning should te used to maintain the dusired tree size after the 
tree has come into bearing and reached this size, The grower who has 
the desire and knowledge to use a consistent, size-controlling type of 
pruning is able to take a semi-dwarf stock like II and produce the 
same size tree at a given age as another person with trees on VII who 
merely lets them grow, 
(4) Planting Distance — Many comnercial growers are planting dwarf 
trees ina hedge-row system, planning to drive only one way throgh 
the orchard, Thus, we have suggested a vlanting distance of 20x30 for 
the semi-dvarf stocks, The trees are allowed to grow together in the 
row with space to drive only the 30' vay, This plan allows a slightly 
larger tree with consequent larger bearing surface than the same number 
of trees per acre planted 25x25 with space to drive both directions, 
(5) Conditions Affecting Fruit Setting — Dwarfing stocks cause all 
varieties to bloom earlier in their lives than is the case on standard 
stocks, However, if these first blossoms fail to set fruit because of 
frost, poor pollination, disease, spray injury or faulty nutrition, 
the tree goes ahead and continues to gro” as vigorously as a standard 
non-bearing tres, Therefore, the grower who follows good cultural 
practices to encourage fruit set vill get his dwarf trees into a Sear- 
ing habit sooner, 
NELLA TTS EE STE SILANE! ETN 
We have found that,actually, the semi-dvarf stocks such as I, il, 
and XIII are not radically-enough different from standard trees’ that 
any good apple grower should te afraid to try a percentage of his new 
plantings on these stocks, They are tne same size as standard trees 
at planting time and start off growing as vigorously for the first 
year or two or three, They definitely cause any variety to bloom 
earlier and attain a bearing habit sooner, assuming other conditions 
are favorable to fruit setting, They enable any good grower to plant 
tvice as many trees per acre, get into production sooner, reach maxi- 
mim production per acre early in the life of the trees, yet maintain 
small tree size sith a minimum of effort, In this way, the maximm 
yield per acre can be maintained throughout the life of the orchard, 
yet the small size of the trees will make all cultural operations 
easier and cheaper, This type tree thrives best on intensive treatment 
and are adapted for the grower who will take a special interest in 
them and give them the best possiole care, 
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION REGARDING DWARF APPLE TRSi35 WRITE TO: 
PIPE Ee Rc nents nh tenet 
LORNE J, DOUD 
Orchardist & Nurseryman 
Bari 
Wabash, Indiana 
