66 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
by the Russians. These varieties are described as loose, shghtly 
cohering, dust-like particles of yellow or gray color. Such de- 
posits are found near Neustadt,in Saxony, near Frankenhausen, 
Bohemia, Norway, and near Paris. The material is thought to 
be identical with the chauwx sulfatee niviform of Hauy. Its ori- 
gin in these regions is ascribed to the solution of gypsum in 
water, and it is found often in fissures and is more abundant in 
wet than in dry seasons. At Frankenhausen, it was observed 
on the top of a gypsum mountain as a superficial stratum of 
about one and one-half feet thickness, not consolidated, and still 
containing water. Its main use in those regions was as fer- 
tilizer and whitewash. The name used in this report for these 
deposits is the translation of the German, or gypsum earth. 
A microscopical examination of the central Kansas deposits 
shows a considerable uniformity in character, as represented in 
Figure 6. The earth is seen to consist of amass of small, angu- 
lar gypsum crystals of varying size. Perfect crystals are found, 
but most have the terminations somewhat rounded by solution. 
They are not transported crystals but have clearly crystallized 
in place. Mingled with the gypsum crystals are small quartz 
crystals, seen especially in the Clay county deposits. A consid- 
erable amount of poorly crystallized calcite is present, and also 
traces of organic material. 
There is a small deposit of gypsum earth just east of the 
town of Hope, close to the Missouri Pacific track. This ap- 
pears to be of good quality, though no use is made of it at the 
present time. In looking through the ravines to the west and 
southwest of Hope, small deposits of the earth are found in 
nearly all of them. These deposits are of shallow depth and 
limited extent, and are usually impure through the admixture 
of clay and soil. 
The deposits are of economic importance only in especially 
favorable localities where the valleys broaden out and where 
swamp conditions are found. There are not many such places 
known in the state, and the largest ones are probably now lo- 
cated, but smaller deposits will be used after the larger ones 
are exhausted. Gypsum earth is a common product, and is 
