GRIMSLEY. | Geology and Geography. AT 
geological questions, especially concerning the presence and 
limits of the Permian. Professor Swallow” was the first to an- 
nouce and publish a notice of the occurrence of Permian rocks 
and fossils, which he did in the year 1858. 
Since that time the problems of the Permian in Kansas have 
been carefully investigated and described. Our knowledge has 
been greatly increased by the work of Swallow, Hawn, Meek, 
Hayden, Newberry, Mudge, Hay, Cragin, and especially by 
Prosser.” 
KANSAS PERMIAN GEOLOGICAL SECTION. 
Prosser’s® section of the Kansas Permian is as follows: 
(ORROURKESOWISs coc ooocenae Dakota. 
(in part.) 
( Cimarron or Red Beds. 
Wippereermianteesese). Wellington (gray and red shales and clays). 
/ Marion (shales and limestones). 
( Chase (shales, limestones, and flints). 
( Neosho (shales and limestones). 
Upper Coal Measures. . Cottonwood (limestone and shales). 
(in part.) Wabaunsee formation. 
lower Permian.....-.. 
The Cottonwood limestone is taken by Prosser as the line of 
division between the Carboniferous and Permian, because of the 
change in fauna and the constant character of the limestone. 
‘Its line of outcrop, frequently marked by a row of massive light gray rec- 
tangular blocks filled with Fusulina cylindrica and capped by a yellowish shale 
in which occur immense numbers of Chonetes granulifera, Athyris subtilita, 
Productus semireticulatus and a number of other fossils, constitutes one of the 
most distinctive formations yet seen in the upper Paleozoic rocks of Kansas and 
is very valuable for the purposes of stratigraphic and areal geology.’’?? 
The Kansas gypsum deposits of economic importance are 
found in the Permian system as outlined above. The gypsum 
of the northern area, in Marshall county, belongs to the Neosho 
division, which there consists mainly of sandy shales with several 
strata of fossiliferous limestones. The gypsum horizon is a few 
feet above the Cottonwood limestone. 
29. Amer. Jour. Sci., 2d series, Vol. XXV, p. 305, quoted by Prosser in Jour. of Geol., Vol. III, 
No. 6, p. 684, 1895. 
30. For review of this work, see Prosser’s Classification of Upper Paleozoic Rocks of Central 
Kansas, Jour. of Geol., Vol. III, Nos. 6 and 7, Chicago, 1895. 
31. Loc. cit.; also see University Geological Survey of Kansas, Vol. II, pp. 51-98, 1897. 
32. Journal of Geology, Vol. III, p. 704, Chicago, 1895. 
