GRIMSLEY. | History and Distribution. 25 
United States Geological Survey for 1895, New York produced 
33,587 tons of gypsum, of which 12,182 tons were sold crude, 
16,765 tons were ground into land plaster, and 4640 tons were 
calcined into plaster of Paris; with a total value of $59,321. 
Mr. Clarke, in a summary of the gypsum industry of New 
York, states : 
‘‘The gypsum business is not as a general thing conducted on an all-the-year- 
round basis. The quarrying is to a large extent done by farmers who work their 
farms in the season and employ their hands in the quarries when there is little 
farm work to do. This may account to some extent for a variation in the ton- 
nage each year. No trouble with water is experienced. The employment of 
skilled miners with modern and improved implements would effect great economy 
in the cost of producing the gypsum. Even the use of a light track of hoop-iron 
and small cars would be of advantage in transportation. The introduction of 
steam drills, the drilling of larger holes and the use of larger blasts would increase 
the output greatly with the same force of men. It is well known that a consider- 
erable amount of the plaster goes into the composition of the high-grade fertili- 
zers. With the increase of the adamant wall-plaster business there will probably 
be an increase over present production of the gypsum business of New York state, 
but as this business is hardly well started yet, the effect may not be noted for 
some time.”’ 
Nearly all the gypsum product of New York is ground and 
used as land plaster for fertilizer. 
Gypsum in Ohio.® 
Orton states in his report that land plaster or gypsum is 
quarried at the single locality near Gypsum station, Ottawa 
county, in the northern part of the state, ten miles west of San- 
dusky : 
‘‘The mineral has been known heresince the firstoccupation of the country, com- 
ing to view in the rocky floor of Sandusky Bay, immediately adjacent to which the 
quarries are located. Not more than twenty-five acres have been already worked 
out, and there is probably as much more territory that has been proved to contain 
gypsum in quantity to justify working, while a larger acreage to which no thor- 
ough tests have yet been applied may be reasonably expected to hold valuable 
deposits. Most of the proved territory is included in the two hundred acres that 
Marsh & Company own, but in past years quite a large amount has been taken 
from the farm adjoining this upon the west. The surface, which is composed of 
the usual drift clays, is but a few feet higher than the waters of the bay. In the 
quarries that have been thus far worked, the drift has been very shallow, being 
confined mainly to troughs or hollows in the limestone, the results of earlier 
erosion.’’ 
5. Geological Survey of Ohio, Vol. VI, Orton, pp. 696-702, 1888. 
