the Birds of the Lower Petchora. 121 
means uncommon. Sometimes two or three were singing at 
the same time. By dint of patient watching and waiting, 
part of the time in a drizzling rain, we each secured another 
specimen, both males. At Alexievka we frequently saw the 
Petchora Pipit on the willow-swamp on the island, and ob- 
tained several nests of this species between the 24th and 29th 
June. The nest is somewhat similar to that of the Red- 
throated Pipit; but instead of being composed of fine round 
grass, it is generally made of flat-leaved grass and knotted 
water-plants and small leaves; and in two of them we found 
small Hguiseta. 'The eggs are like large varieties of those of 
the Meadow-Pipit ; five seems to be the usualnumber. This 
bird would appear to be a somewhat later breeder than A. 
cervinus. All the eggs we obtained were fresh, whilst those 
of the latter bird, taken at the same time, were too much 
incubated to be worth the trouble of blowing. At Alexievka 
we were not so fortunate in procuring birds; but just before 
we sailed we succeeded in shooting three more specimens as 
they were feeding on the sandy banks of the river. One of 
these proved to be a female. ‘This bird is ultra aquatic in its 
habits. We did not meet with it on the tundra at Stanavoia- 
lachta or Dvomik. 
ANTHUS TRIVIALIS (L.). 
Only one specimen of the Tree-Pipit was obtained. It was 
shot at Ust Zylma on the 22nd May. ‘This was the only one 
we saw. 
ANTHUS PRATENSIS (L.). 
We got the Meadow-Pipit for the first time on the 12th 
May. ‘This species is far less abundant than the next at Ust 
Zylma at the time of migration; and afterwards we found 
them quite a scarce and local bird on the tundra. They 
frequented principally the opener parts of the alder and birch 
thickets on the banks of the river Zylma, where they perched 
freely upon alder and birch trees, and more rarely on wil- 
lows, both flying up from the ground and from tree to tree. 
We were surprised at this; but the habit seemed to be per- 
fectly well known to Piottuch, who informed us of it before 




