Severtzoff’s ‘Fauna of Turkestan.’ 187 
10" 8", wing 3" 5!", tail 3"; length of the female 8" 1", ex- 
tent 11” 4", wing 3” 73", tail 8! 2": but these differences in 
size are not constant. 
“ The mountain form of L. phenicurus (var. ruficeps*) differs 
in being darker in colour; the back and scapulars in fresh 
plumage are pure brown slightly shaded with grey ; but in 
spring these parts are greyer; the head is always brownish 
mixed with red, almost as rufous as the tail, which, with the 
rump, is dark reddish brown, with a chestnut tinge in fresh 
plumage. The lowland form (var. caniceps) has the upper 
parts greyer, being grey tinged with brown, being purer grey 
in the males and young birds ; head similarly coloured ; wings, 
tail, and underparts as in the mountain form. The mountain 
form inhabits chiefly the wooded portions of the Thian-shan to 
an altitude of from 7000 to 8000 feet; and the lowland form 
occurs in the bushes and thorn-thickets near Syr Darja, Mi, 
and Lepsa, below 1000 feet. In the cultivated districts both 
forms are found in gardens, and intermediate specimens may 
befound. As regards L. isabellinus, numbers were obtained on 
passage in spring in Chimkent and Tashkend, between the 
20th February and the 20-25th March; but in the autumn it 
was not observed there, though it was seen in Aulje-ata early 
in September. It breeds in the steppes near Balchash, Chu, 
and Talass. 
““ Neither of the two forms of L. phenicurus arrives in Tash- 
kend and Chimkent before the early part of April.” 
In a MS. footnote he adds that the species he includes as 
L. phenicurus should stand as L. phenicurotdes, Severtz. 
226. ORIOLUS GALBULA, L.; Severtzoff, p. 67. 
Horizontal range. Breeds commonly in all four districts. 
Vertical range. Breeds in districts 1, 2, and 3. 
In a MS. note Severtzoff adds that Oriolus kundoo, Sykes, 
also occurs in Turkestan, as he has lately discovered by an 
examination of his specimens of Orioles obtained there. The 
range of this species is as follows :— 
Horizontal runge. Breeds in districts II., I1J., and IV. 
Vertical range.. Breeds in districts 2 and 3. 
* Sic.—H. E. D. 
02 



