XXXVI INTRODUCTION. 
the wings delicate grey; primaries and the inner webs of the secondaries deep brownish black, the former nar- 
rowly and the latter broadly margined with greyish white ; tail grey at the base, passing into deep brownish black 
and largely tipped with white, the grey colour predominating on the two centre feathers, which are destitute of 
the white tips; chest grey, into which the black of the throat gradually passes ; lower part of the abdomen, under 
surface of the wing and under tail-coyerts white ; flanks and thighs grey; bill and feet brownish black. 
Total length, 12 inches ; bill, 14; wing, 74; tail, 6 tarsi, 1. 
Inhabits Van Diemen’s Land. 
101. Grauealus mentalis, Vig. §& Horsf. . ; : . ; . ‘ : Vol IL. Pl, 56. 
102. Graucalus hypoleucus, Gould e ow . ee ee, ee Me A Ke 1a vl 
103. Graucalus Swainsonii, Gould ; : . , ; . ; " ; : : Vol. IL. Pl. 58. 
Genus Preroropocys, Gould. 
Generic characters. 
Bill small, shorter than the head, nearly cylindrical ; tomia curved and pointing downwards ; a well-defined 
notch at the extremity of the upper mandible; wosfrils basal, round, and covered with the short feathers of 
the forehead ; wings long and pointed, the fourth feather the longest ; tai lengthened, the four middle and the 
lateral feather on each side shorter than the rest; tarsi long, stout; foes rather short, the inner toe longer than 
the outer one, hind-toe large and lengthened, the toe and nail nearly equalling in length the middle toe and nail. 
The general structure of the only known species of this form resembles that of Graucalus and of Campephaga, 
but the bill is so small as to be quite out of proportion with the body; its lengthened wings and tarsi adapt it 
both for flight and for moving rapidly over the surface of the ground. 
104. Pteropodocys Phasianellus, Gould ; ; ; : . : . . , , Vol. I. Pl. 59. 
Inhabits the whole of the interior of Southern Australia from east to west; the extent of its range northward 
has not been ascertained. It has many habits in common with the Graueali; but while those birds are destined 
for the trees the present bird is adapted for the ground, where it procures and feeds upon insects of various 
genera, particularly locusts and grasshoppers. It frequents the open plains in small companies of from three 
to six or eight in number, and is very animated in its actions, but at the same time most cautious and shy. 
Genus Camprrnuaca, Fier/!. 
The members of this genus are spread over India and the Indian Islands, and the fauna of Australia comprises 
four species; they are allied to the Graucali, but are much smaller in size, and more active among the branches. 
The sexes are generally yery dissimilar in colour and markings, while in Grauealus they are alike. The nidifi- 
cation and the form of the nests of the two genera are yery similar. 
105, Campephaga Jardimi, Gowld © ed PLL GO. 
106, Campephaga Karu . yi es : ; mn” oT. . Vol. Il. PL 61. 
107, Campephaga leucomela, Vig, § Horsf. » Vol, It, Pi ee, 
108, Campephaga humeralis, Gould . : Vol. IL. Pl. 63, 
Genus Pacuycrrnana, Swains. 
The Pachycephala gutturalis may be regarded as the type of this group of birds, which is peculiarly Australian, 
and comprises many species, universally distributed over the country. Their habits differ from those of most other 
insectivorous birds, particularly in their quiet mode of hopping about and traversing the branehes of the trees in 
search of insects and their larva : caterpillars constitute a great portion of their food; but coleoptera and other 
insects are uot rejected. The more gaily-attired species, such as P, gutturalis, P. glancura, P. melanura and 
P. pectoralis, resort to the flowering Acacia, Nucalypti and other stately trees, while the more dull-coloured ones 
