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* Harvard Forest. 2013. Schoolyard LTER database: 
Tree biomass equations. Retrieved from https:// 
harvardforest.fas.harvard.edu/sites/harvardforest.fas. 
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° Schlesinger, W.H. 1997. Biogeochemistry: An analysis 
of global change. San Diego: Academic Press. 
© Stephenson, N.L., Das, A.J., Condit, R., Russo, S.E., 
Baker, P.J., Beckman, N.G.,... and Zavala, M.A. 
2014. Rate of tree carbon accumulation increases 
continuously with tree size. Nature, 507(7490): 90-93. 
’ Data on average carbon storage in Connecticut forests 
was calculated using the USDA Forest Service, Forest 
Inventory and Analysis Program EVALIDATOR tool. 
Retrieved from http://apps.fs.usda.gov/Evalidator/ 
evalidator.jsp 
8 Data on large tree density in Connecticut forests was 
calculated using the USDA Forest Service, Forest 
Inventory and Analysis Program EVALIDATOR tool. 
° Reinmann, A.B., Smith, I.A., Thompson, J.R., and 
Hutyra, L.R. 2020. Urbanization and fragmentation 
mediate temperate forest carbon cycle response to 
climate. Environmental Research Letters, 15(11): 
114036. 
Fargione, J.E., Bassett, S., Boucher, T., Bridgham, 
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2018. Natural climate solutions for the United States. 
Science Advances, 4(11): eaat1869; Foster, D., Aber, J., 
Cogbill, C., Hart, C., Colburn, E., D’Amato, A.,... and 
Thompson, J. 2010. Wildlands and woodlands: A vision 
for the New England landscape. Cambridge: Harvard 
University Press; Moomaw, W.R., Masino, S.A., and 
Faison, E.K. 2019. Intact forests in the United States: 
Proforestation mitigates climate change and serves 
the greatest good. Frontiers in Forests and Global 
Change, 2° 27. 
The emission of the entire 84.3 tons of carbon (310 tons 
of carbon dioxide) into the atmosphere assumes that 
all cut trees would be chipped and burned and none 
would be used for wood products. If the trees were used 
for wood products, approximately 20-25 percent of the 
tree carbon would be stored in wood. See: Nunery, J.S., 
and Keeton, W.S. 2010. Forest carbon storage in the 
northeastern United States: Net effects of harvesting 
frequency, post-harvest retention, and wood products. 
Forest Ecology and Management, 259(8): 1363-1375; 
United States Environmental Protection Agency. 
2019. Greenhouse gases equivalencies calculator — 
Calculations and references. Retrieved from https:// 
www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gases-equivalencies- 
calculator-calculations-and-references 
10 
11 
12 Three key sources were used for this paragraph: 
Catanzaro, P., and D’Amato, A. 2019. Forest carbon: 
An essential natural solution for climate change. 
Amherst: University of Massachusetts; Fargione, et 
al. Natural climate solutions for the United States; 
13 
14 
15 
16 
1 
NY 
18 
19 
20 
2 
part 
23 
Nunery and Keeton. Forest carbon storage in the 
northeastern United States. 
Nowak, D.J. 2000, April. Tree species selection, design, 
and management to improve air quality. In 2000 ASLA 
annual meeting proceedings (pp. 23-27). Washington, 
DC: American Society of Landscape Architects. 
Lu, X., Kicklighter, D.W., Melillo, J.M., Yang, P., 
Rosenzweig, B., V6résmarty, C.J.,... and Stewart, 
R.J. 2013. A contemporary carbon balance for the 
northeast region of the United States. Environmental 
science and technology, 47(23): 13230-13238. 
Information on age and carbon storage of old growth 
forests in the northeastern United States was drawn 
from: Keeton, W.S., Whitman, A.A., McGee, G.C., 
and Goodale, C.L. 2011. Late-successional biomass 
development in northern hardwood-conifer forests of 
the northeastern United States. Forest Science, 57(6): 
489-505; McGarvey, J.C., Thompson, J.R., Epstein, 
H.E., and Shugart Jr., H.H. 2015. Carbon storage in 
old-growth forests of the Mid-Atlantic: Toward better 
understanding the eastern forest carbon sink. Ecology, 
96(2): 311-317. The average age of the region’s forests 
was calculated using the USDA Forest Service, Forest 
Inventory and Analysis Program EVALIDATOR tool. 
Retrieved from http://apps.fs.usda.gov/Evalidator/ 
evalidator.jsp 
See appendix B in: Smith, J.E., Heath, L.S., Skog, 
K.E., and Birdsey, R.A. 2006. Methods for calculating 
forest ecosystem and harvested carbon with standard 
estimates for forest types of the United States. 
General Technical Report NE-343. Newtown Square, 
PA: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 
Northeastern Research Station. 
Cook-Patton, S.C., Leavitt, S.M., Gibbs, D., Harris, 
N.L., Lister, K., Anderson-Teixeira, K.J.,... and 
Griscom, H. P. 2020. Mapping carbon accumulation 
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Energy savings from trees near houses was estimated 
using i-Tree tools. Retrieved from https://www. 
itreetools.org/tools 
Estimated using i-Tree tools. 
Ranius, T., Niklasson, M., and Berg, N. 2009. 
Development of tree hollows in pedunculate oak 
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Stagoll, K., Lindenmayer, D.B., Knight, E., Fischer, 
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Downloaded on 13 January 2020. 
