110 University of Kansas Geological Survey. 
ably be increased by further explorations. The Kiowa shales are 
stated to have a maximum thickness of at least 125 feet on the 
Medicine Lodge river and 150 feet on Bluff creek in Clark county. 
The fauna consists of fifty one invertebrate species and thirteen 
vertebrate. Following the lists of species are critical notes in which 
Professor Cragin discusses some of the conclusions of Stanton and 
Hill. The Kiowa shales are subdivided into two divisions, the lower 
known as the Fullington shales and the upper the Tucumeari. The 
Fullington shales are named after the great Fullington ranch at 
Selvidere on which they have most extensive outcrops. Professor 
Cragin says “They are not sharply separated from the overlying 
Tucumeari shales either lithologically or paleontologically. * * * 
At Belvidere they are separable into two principal subdivisions, the 
lower of which is the Black Hill shale * * * ‘The name was 
derived from the Black Hill adjoining Hells Half Acre on Elk 
creek in Comanche county. The terrane consists of a bed of black 
carbonaceous clay-shale fifteen or twenty feet thick, resting upon 
the Champion shell-bed and characterized by a peculiar method of 
disintegration, breaking down under the weather into small, flat 
and thin, sharp-edged spalls resembling wafers, a peculiarity that 
has suggested for this shale the name of Wajfer-shale The upper 
division of the Fullington shales is termed the Blue Cut shales from 
the deep railway cut a few miles south-southwest of Belvidere, 
which is known as the Blue Cut. The Tucumcari shales or upper 
division of the Kiowa is “Characterized in part by this variable 
G. [Gryphaea| tucumcarvi, the name Tucumcari shales is here given, 
after Mount Tucumcari, New Mexico, where the zone of Gryphaea 
tucumcarvi was originally discovered by Mr. Jules Marcon. 
These shales are well developed in the vicinity of Otter creek, on 
Thompson creek, and on heads of several branches of the Medicine 
Lodge river. 
They are chiefly clay-shales and lighter hued as a whole, than the 
Blue Cut shales which graduate insensibly into them. At their 
summit they frequently contain bands and concretions of clay 
irenstone.’” 
1 Ibid., pp. 379, 380. 
2 Ibid., p. 382. 
