114 University of Kansas Geological Survey. 
approximately correlated with the Raritan Clays or the Albirupean 
series of the Potomac formation!” 
KIOWA SHALHS. 
lor the upper formation it is proposed to use the name Kiowa 
shales which was first published by Professor Cragin in 1895.2. This 
formation name is accepted in the sense in which it was first de- 
fined by Professor Cragin as resting on the Cheyenne sandstone or 
Red-Beds and capped by deposits in the different localities, varying 
in age from brownish sandstones, generally cailed the Dakota, to 
Tertiary or Pleistocene. Later, Professor Cragin separated from it 
the lewer stratum—No. 5 of his Belvidere section—which he names 
the “Champion shell bed” and gives it a rank equal to that of the 
Cheyenne and Kiowa in his classification.’ ‘he Champion shell-bed 
as exposed in Kansas does not appear to the writer to differ suffi- 
ciently from the superjacent Kiowa to be regarded as a distinct 
formation, and in this discussion is considered as the basal part of 
that formation. Mowever, in correlating this bed with the Texan 
formations Professor Cragin advances a careful argument in favor of 
its rank as a formation. The feilowing clear statement of his po- 
Sition was courteously furnished me by him—‘It is impossible to 
judge correctly of its [Champion shell-bed] value by the study of 
Kansas alone. It can only be understood by first acquainting 
one’s self with the formations of the Comanche series in Texas. 
Such comparative study shows clearly that the Champion bed is 
merely the extreme northern attenuated ‘representative of the 
Comanche Peak limestone. The latter is the central member of 
Hill’s Fredericksburg division, or the upper member of that division 
where, as in northern Texas and southern Indian Territory, the 
Barton creek (Capuria) limestone is missing. Studies made since 
the publication of my article ‘A Study of the Belvidere beds,’ make 
this clearer than ever. Indeed, with the exception of a few forms 
which are possibly peculiar to the northern shore-region of the 
Comanche Peak sea, the Comanche Peak and Champion faunas are 
identical. The Kiowa shales represent the Kiamitia and the Tucum- 
1 Science, N. S., Vol. IV, Dee. 11, 1896, p. 883. Reported by the secretary, Mr. 
Bernard R. Green. 
2K. W. Cragin, Colorado College Studies, vol. V, April 5, 1895, p. 49. 
3 American Geology, vol. XVI, pp. 361, 368. 
