Prosspr.|  Cretaceous.—Comanche Series of Kansas. 115 
earri of Texas, Indian Territory and New Mexico. In the typical 
Texas area the Comanche Peak is a great formation, while the 
Kiamitia and Tucumearri are limited. In Kansas, the Kiamitia 
and Tucumceani are amply developed and closely related, the lower 
formation shading into the upper, while the Comanche Peak (here 
called the Champion) is of little thickness and limited to the eastern 
part of the Comanche area, though rich, as everywhere, paleonto- 
logically. It is of course true that the Champion bed has many 
things in common with the Kiowa, and, where (as pardonably in 
this case) geology is to be bounded by state lines, may be viewed 
as a part of it. But viewed in the light of the fuller knowledge 
available, the Champion belongs to the Fredericksburg division, 
while the Kiowa shales belong to a higher division which I call the 
Kiowa but which Hill includes in his Washita. The flora of the Chey- 
enne sandstone, as reported by Hill and Knowlton, shows conclusively 
that this sandstone belongs to a later time than the Glen Rose, and 
its affinity with the Dakota fiora probably brings it up out of the 
Bosque division altogether. So the Cheyenne also probably belongs 
to the Fredericksburg. There are therefore good paleontological 
grounds for separating the Champion bed from the Kiowa shales 
and considering it as nearly related to the Cheyenne. Genetically, 
the Champion bed seems to be closely related to both the Cheyenne 
and the Kiowa and to be transitional between them; but the bed, 
whether thus transitional or not, was certainly deposited in Fredericks- 
burg time, as no one intimately acquainted with its paleontology 
and that of the Comanche series of Texas could possibly question.’ 
Again, Professors Hill and Cragin have proposed the term “Bel- 
videre beds” as a general name for the Cheyenne sandstone, Cham- 
pion shell-bed and Kiowa shales of southern Kansas; but if such a 
name be needed another term would better be substituted on ac- 
count of the similarity to the Austrian name as already shown by 
- Professor Cragin. 
The maximum thickness of the Kiowa is given by Professor 
Cragin as “at least 125 feet on the Medicine Lodge river in Kiowa 
county, and 150 feet on Bluff creek in Clark county.”* Professor 
1 Letter of Professor Cragin, dated Dec. 14, 1896. 
2 Ibid., p. 372. 
