140 University of Kansas Geological Survey. 
Mule creek this band of shale continues with increasing thickness 
until it attains its maximum of 37 feet on the hill south of Horse 
Gulch. Itis referred doubtfully to the Cheyenne formation though 
perhaps there is about as much evidence in favor of correlating it 
with the black paper-shales of the lower Kiowa. ‘Two and one half 
miles southwest of the Horse Gulch section is the head-waters of 
Indian creek. A section constructed on the upper part of this 
creek gives a difference in elevation of 135 feet from the top of the 
high prairie down to the top of the sandstone belonging to the 
Cheyenne. Over this slope are outcrops here and there of Tertiary 
grit and marl. All of this thickness of 135 feet is referred doubt- 
fully to the Tertiary. 
Section at head of IndianCreek. 
No. Feet. 
AS TOPEAR YG ER Gone sen Coke ree See 135—160 
3. Yellowish to whitish friable sandstone and shales 15— 25 
with numerous iron concretions of different 
forms. Cheyenne sandstone. 
Yellowish to whitish argillaceous shale........... 2— 10 
. Ked sandstones belonging to Red Bluff sandstone. 8S— 8&8. 
Level of Indian creek. 
In this creek no indication of the Kiowa shale was found though 
perhaps they may be concealed by the covered slope above the 15 
feet of Cheyenne sandstone. For a considerable distance above 
this sandstone there are no outcrops. So that it is impossible to 
decide this point. The dip in this section is, as at Horse Gulch and 
on the north side of Mule creek, to the southeast. About nine miles 
to the south would be the lccality mentioned by Professor St. John 
where shells and gravel occur in connection with a gypsum ledge 
at “a locality on Little Cave creek a few miles west of Evans- Ville”! 
It is evident that these shells did not come from a ledge in place but 
were washed from the remains of the Kiowa shales occurring some 
miles to the north. 
Kleven miles to the southwest and about three miles northeast 
of Avilla, in the head of a draw east of the Coldwater-Avilla high- 
way, are loose yellowish sandy shales similar to those of the upper 
mE bo 
1 Fifth Biennial Report Kansas State Board of Agriculture, Pt. II, p. 142. 
