PRrossEeR.| Cretaceows.—Comanche Series of Kansas. 141 
Kiowa, containing small Lamellibranch shells apparently identical 
with those found near the top of the hill south of Belvidere. The 
draw contains abundant specimens of loose Gryphaea shells and 
quite a large number of pieces of the arenaceous shale containing 
the upper Kiowa fauna. Small pieces of the pinkish shaly lime- ; 
stone also occur. In a sandstone stratum outcropping somewhat 
lower in the draw, a few imperfectly preserved fossils were found 
by Mr. Beede. Mr. T. W. Stanton, mesozoic paleontologist of the 
U.S. Geological Survey, a well known authority on the Cretaceous 
invertebrate faunas writes as follows in reference to one of these 
Specimens: “It contains fragmentary impressions of two or three 
bivalves and of a dicotyledon, none of which have been specifically 
identified. The shells apparently belong to the fauna that occurs 
in the overlying shales” [Kiowa]. The Cheyenne sandstone at this 
locality which is at least 20 feet in thickness, shows a layer of white 
sandstone, then a layer of blackish shale, above which is a yellowish- 
brown sandstone. The sandstone containing the fossils found by 
Mr. Beede is referred with hesitation to the Cheyenne. Heretofore, 
so far as known to the writer, fossil shells have not been found in 
the Cheyenne sandstone; but, as will be noticed later, a number of 
Lamellibranchs were obtained on the slope of Avilla hill south of 
Avilla. Ina draw to the southeast of Avilla the top of the Red-Beds 
is about 100 feet below the level of the high prairie to the north. 
There is a marked dip to the southeast. All the high prairie be- 
tween Avilla and Coldwater as well as to the north and west of the 
latter city is composed of Tertiary rocks. 
This locality completes the discussion of the Comanche which we 
have referred to the Kiowa-Barber-Comanche area. From the hills 
to the north of Avilla the outcrop of the Comanche series or the 
division between the Tertiary and Red-Beds is represented as an 
irregular line extending in a general northwesterly direction across 
of the western central part of Comanche county. 
SOUTHERN COMANCHE AREA. 
To the south of Avilla, conspicuous in the early summer twilight 
of a bright Kansas day, is a prominent hill the summit of which is 
seven miles directly south of this town. If the atmospheric con- 
