PRrosseR.|  Cretaceous.—Comanche Series of Kansas. 151 
The high prairie around the head-waters of Kiowa and Sand 
creeks, using the local names, is composed of Tertiary rocks, out- 
erops of which are shown frequently in the small branches and’ 
draws forming the heads of these creeks. About three miles west 
of the outcrop on section 21 of Irwin township is a section along a 
small branch of Cavalry creek and one half mile east of it showing 
the entire Comanche series. 
Section one half mile east of Cavalry. 
No. Feet. 
4, Upper portion partly covered, but showing occa- 50—92 
sional outcrops of calcareous marls of the Ter- 
tiary. Base of Tertiary about 50 feet below the 
level of the prairie. 
3. Yellowish argillaceous to calcareous shales and 30—42 
pinkish shaly limestone containing Ostrea. In 
the yellowish soil evidently formed in part by the 
decomposition of these yellow shales are abun- 
dant specimens of loose Gryphaea shells. Lower 
part black, yellow, and drab shales in which no 
fossils were noticed. 
2. The lower part of the section shows soft, friable 10-12—12 
sandstone which in lithological characters closely 
resembles the Cheyenne sandstone as exposed in 
KKiowa and Comanche counties. At the base of 
this sandstone a thin layer of black shale. Thick- 
ness 10 to 12 feet. Base of Cheyenne (?) 
1. Top of- Red-Beds. 
Perhaps this sandstone is the representative of the thin sand- 
stone noticed along Mule creek above a bed of blackish shale con- 
taining red streaks. If this be true, then in this locality the sand- 
stone Las increased considerably in thickness, while the shales below 
are much thinner, being represented by a very small thickness in 
this outcrop. To the west of Cavalry creek the Kiowa shales are 
exposed on the bluffs along Lone Tree, Granger and Fish creeks or 
their branches from three to four miles north of Bluff creek. On 
Lone Tree and East Granger creeks the slopes are more or less 
covered so that the exact thickness of Kiowa shales was not de- 
