242 University of Kansas Geological Survey. 
in some places in the lowermost horizons and I have seen specimens 
near the Saline river northwest of Ft. Hays into which one could 
thrust his arm to his elbow. They are totally wanting in the Hes- 
perornis beds. 
Of the cephalopods, ammonites occur, though rarely, and almost 
always only impressions are found, with but little of the shell sub- 
stance. Once or twice I have seen such impressions a foot in 
diameter. Kelemnites are not common; one will scarcely find a 
specimen in a day’s search anywhere in the beds. I have never ob- 
served any difference in their abundance in the different horizons. 
One or more forms of chondrophorus dibranchiates are not at 
all rare, though almost always represented by unrecognizable frag- 
ments. The nature of these fragments was for years a great puzzle 
to me. They are usually but a few inches in length, and are of a 
glistening fibrous character. Recently a nearly complete specimen 
collected by Mr. H. T. Martin has shown them to belong to a 
large cuttle fish, apparently different from any described genus. The 
gladius measures about six inches in width by at least a foot in 
length, and has the sepia bag about two inches wide and an inch 
thick below it. The surface is smooth, lustrous, its material rather 
shaly and soft. I have observed the shafts most frequently in the 
Hesperonis beds, but they may be as abundant in the lower strata. 
Baculites have never been seen in the Niobrara of Kansas so 
far as Lam aware. The Baculites ovatus deposit at Sheridan, for 
a long time supposed to be from the Niobrara, I showed several 
years ago to belong in the Fort Pierre. Echinodermata are repre- 
sented, so far as I am aware, by a single genus, Uintacrinus, first 
described from Kansas specimens. 
All the specimens of which I have any knowledge have come 
from the vicinity of Elkader, in the valley of the Smoky Hill, in the 
horizon just below the yellow chalk. The largest colony hitherto dis- 
covered measures about seven feet in diameter and is now mounted 
in the University of Kansas museum. Another colony that may 
belong to a distinct species, but is more probably the young of 
socialis, is of about half the size of the larger colony and contains 
many hundred calyces of less than a third of the diameter of those 
of socialis. An examination of these specimens in the two colonies, 
