Haworrn. | Physical Properties of the Tertiary. 261 
there is a lack of regularity in the position of any one kind of ma- 
terial, whether gravel, or sand, or clay, or the cemented product 
called mortar beds. 
Evidence from Deep Welis—During the last two years the Kansas 
State Board of Irrigation has sunk twenty wells in western Kansas, 
the greater portion of which are confined to the Tertiary. One of 
the provisions in the contract for the drilling of each well was that 
a carefully selected and accurately labeled suite of samples was to 
be preserved and delivered to the Board, such samples to be taken 
with sufficient frequency to accurately represent the character of 
the material passed through. These samples from the different wells 
were turned over to the writer by the Board of Irrigation and have 
been carefully examined. ‘This is the first time one has been able to 
examine the Tertiary materials at any considerable depth below the 
surface, excepting where they are found along the bluff lines of the 
various drainage streams. They are therefore of more than ordi- 
nary importance, and are worthy of considerable notice in this con- 
nection. 
It was found that little relation existed between the distance 
from the surface and the size of the gravel. Gravel beds of a con- 
siderable degree of coarseness were frequently found near the sur- 
face, and the finest sand, and clay, and silt were not infrequently 
found near the base of the Tertiary. There was such an irregu- 
larity of position shown with reference to any one material, and 
such a lack of definite relation between the different kinds of mate- 
rial, that it seems as though but little if any dependence can be 
placed in any older classifications. In order to show what the con- 
ditions are the sections of a number of wells will be given. 
State well No. 1, Hamilton county, on high uplands about six 
miles nearly north of Kendall: 
No. Feet. 
i= 8 16O0 SOill ane) iene Col@ReEcl SWIMS osocodcccododesbddocotoboocde sh 8 
2.— 6 ft. clay with large amount of calcareous cement................... 14 
5.—57 ft. sand and gravel, with gravel somewhat irregularly placed.... 71 
At) it, SEUACHY Clayy Willa TAKelY CHICANROUIS Cernig, bocbocoscraouacdaes 99 
ree OM USUI Can hit CaKCOATSOmeomTavieleed isi i sa etacuare eas ci latent ae cueks ors elciteie fie 105 
== H i, SAmMohy Clay Willa CAlCARSOMS GEMNEME, osboorocedacodddoocuosoons 110 
eR) TGS SEMIN IN GUE INA gs hts or ol Sn hed PRERENDER a EAU) BoA US Ni a 130 
