306 University of Kansas Geological Survey. 
associated with the bones of Platygonus at Goodland, but I suspect 
that they were from old burrows. 
Cragin has reported Felids from the Meade gravels, and Cope 
has described a sabre-toothed cat (Dinobastis) from Oklahoma. 
Usually the Pleistocene, or Quaternary deposits in eastern Kan- 
sas do not exceed sixty or seventy feet in thickness, though one 
hundred and fifty is the thickness given for them at Kansas City by 
Mudge. At Lawrence, borings in the river valley gave about sixty 
feet as the thickness, or about forty feet below the present river 
bed. Of course it is possible that borings elsewhere in the river 
valley might give greater depths. The material at these depths was 
coarse gravel, partly of glacial origin. Variations in the coarse- 
ness of the gravel and sand were found at different depths, but no 
fine, sandy marl was found save at or near the surface. I leave it 
for others to name the various “terranes!” 
The Equus beds evidently form the whole of the superficial de- 
posits of western Kansas. They are, towards the surface at any 
rate, composed of a light colored, calcareous marl, the Plains marl 
of Hay, with sufficient clay to make fair bricks, which burn a light 
red. Its depth it is impossible to say, though I suspect that it is 
considerable. If Cragin is right in ascribing two hundred feet and 
over as its possible thickness, then in all probability there are a 
hundred feet or more of it on the upland plains. Im the river 
valleys, the material scarcely diifers, save often for the presence of 
a greater proportion of calcareous material derived from the Cre- 
taceous beds below them. 
How these upland deposits were formed is not clear to me. That 
there could have been extensive lakes over these plains during 
Champlain times is impossible, since contemporary deposits, of local 
origin, are found in the valleys, containing vertebrate fossils of the 
Champlain epoch, and lakes on the uplands must need have been 
banked up to have existed. That they are river deposits is equally 
indefensible. Taking into consideration the uniform fineness of the 
inaterial, the barrenness of fossils, and their poor petrifaction, and 
the absence of coarser pebbles, everything seems to show an aeolian 
origin. 
Hatcher found evidence of unconformability between the Loup 
