1852.) 31 
Guinea, from the Cameroons on the north to Angola on the south, and about 100 
miles inland, and called by Geographers Crystal Mountains. The limit to which 
this animal extends either north or south, 1 am unable to define. but that mit 
is doubtless some distance north of this river. I was able to certify myself of this 
fact in a late excursion to the head waters of the Mooney (Darger) river, which 
comes into the sea some 60 miles from this place. I was informed (credibly lL 
think) that they were numerous among the mountains in which that river rises, 
and far north of that. In the south this species extends to the Congo river, as I 
am told by native traders who have visited the coast between the Gaboon and 
that river. Beyond that I am not informed. This animal is only found ata 
distance from the coast in most cases, and according to my best. information, 
approaches it nowhere so nearly as on the south side of this river, where they 
have been found within ten miles of the sea. This, however, is only of late 
occurrence. I am informed by some of the oldest Nysorgine men that formerly 
he was only found on the sources of the river, but that at present he may be 
found within half a day’s walk of its mouth. 
Formerly, he inhabited the mountainous ridge where Bushmen alone inhabited, 
but now he boldly approaches the Nysorgine plantations. ‘This is doubtless the 
reason of the scarcity of information in years past, as the opportunities for re- 
ceiving a knowledge of this animal have not been wanting :—traders having for 
100 years frequented this river, and specimens, such as have been brought here 
within a year, could not have been exhibited without having attracted the at- 
tention of the most stupid. 
I shall not attempt in this sketch to give the osteology of the Ngena—as the 
skeleton itself will demonstrate that. I will, however, make some remarks upon 
his appearance and habits, color and hair. 
At adult age the Ngena is of a dark or iron gray color—the hair being black 
at its extremities, but white next the skin, which produces the grizzly appearance 
I have described. Ina young one that I have seen, it was black down to the skin 
like that of the Troglodytes Niger. [am informed by one of the head men of this 
tribe, that they sometimes are found white. He had seen one of this description 
to the N. E. of this at the foot of the mountains. This may have been the effect 
of old age, as the animal is reported to have been full sized. It is a general 
opinion that it becomes lighter by age. 
The hair differs from that of the Troglodytes Niger, in its greater thickness 
and length. On the neck, back and limbs, it isnot less than six inches. It also 
presents a more shaggy appearance from its slight cur] at the extremities. The 
length of hair, together with the thickness of skin and the great developement of 
muscle hereafter to be described, give the Ngena a hugeness that can hardly be 
conceived from a simple examination of the skeleton. 
Bowditch’s assertion that he was apparently four feet in diameter through the 
shoulders is as correct as most other statements in his book. The specimen 
sent was three anda half feet from the extremity of the hair on one shoulder 
to that on the other, and yet this is by no means the largest specimen that has been 
obtained. 
Sxin.—The skin is very thick on the exposed parts of the body. Onthearms, 
shoulders, back and limbs, the thickness is one fourth of an inch; on the head over 
the crest three fourths of an inch thick; the great thickness prevented my pre- 
Serving it. 
Head—The most prominent feature in the fresh subject, as well as in the 
skeleton, is the crest or ridge in the course of the parieto-parietal sw¢wre, increasing 
in height from before backwards to a point directly over the intersection of this 
suture with the occipito-parietal—which is the highest point. This crest is not 
chiefly formed by the bony ridge on the skull, but by the thickness of the scalp 
before mentioned, and by the length and stiffness of the hair, which is always 
erect. 
This crest the animal when enraged is said to draw forward, giving him an 
appearance more fierce than ordinary, which is frightful enough. This crest gives 
the face and head a more anthropoid appearance than the dried skull presents. 
This projection gives it the appearance of a forehead. The face, unlike that of the 
