MALURUS MELANOCEPHALUS, Fig. and Horsy: 
Black-headed Wren. 
Scarlet-backed Warbler, Lewin, Birds of New Holl, pl. xiv. 
Malurus melanocephalus, Vig. and Horsf. m Linn. Trans., vol. xv. p. 222. 
Malurus Brownti, Jard. and Selb., Tl. Orn., vol. 1. pl. 72. fig. 1. 
Iw their ‘ Illustrations of Ornithology,” Sir William Jardine and Mr. Selby have m a very laudable manner 
endeavoured to clear up what they considered some confusion respecting the present and the preceding 
species, 17, Brown. These gentlemen have, however, fallen into error in considermg the two birds as 
identical, whereas they are, in fact, totally distinct. 
I have never seen the Black-headed Wren from any other locality than New South Wales, and [ am 
consequently led to believe that the south-eastern portion of Australia is its peculiar and Innited habitat. 
It is a local species, not being generally diffused over the face of the country, like several other members 
of the group, but confined to grassy ravines and gullies, particularly those that lead down from the 
mountain ranges. I obtained several pairs of adult birds in very fine plumage in the valleys under the 
Liverpool range, all of which I discovered among the high grasses which there abound ; but as the period 
of my visit was that of their breeding-season, I never observed more than a pair together, each pair beng 
always stationed at some distance from the other, and in such parts of the gullies as were studded with 
small clumps of scrubby trees. 
The Black-headed Wren has many actions in common with the JZ, eyaneus, and like that species carries 
its tail erect: it also frequently perches on a stem of the most promiment grasses, where it displays its 
richly-coloured back, and pours forth its simple song. I did not succeed in finding the nest, although I 
knew they were breeding around me: it was probably placed among the grasses, but was so artfully 
concealed that it completely baffled my efforts at finding it. 
One might suppose the greater development of feather on the back of this species to have been given 
it as a defence against the damp and dense grasses of the ravines, among which it usually resides ; but from 
the circumstance of the female not possessing this character of plumage, and the rich garb being only sea- 
sonal in the male, this supposition falls to the ground. In their winter dress the sexes very nearly 
resemble each other; but the males may always be distinguished by the black colourmg of the bill and tail- 
feathers. The young male of the year has the tail-feathers brown, like the females, and it is a curious fact, 
that at this age these feathers are much longer than in the adult. 
The flight of this species is feeble and not protracted ; but, on the contrary, its powers of running and 
creeping are very considerable. 
The breeding-season probably commences in September and continues until January; its food is insects 
of various kinds. 
The male has the head, all the under surface, wing-coyerts, upper tail-coverts and tail deep velvety black ; 
back of the neck, scapularies and remainder of the upper surface rich orange-scarlet; bill black ; eyes 
blackish brown ; feet fleshy brown. 
Female brown above, paler beneath; bill brown; base of the under mandible reddish brown; feet flesh- 
brown. 
The Plate represents male and female in the summer plumage, and a young male in change, on one of the 
native grasses of New South Wales. 
