Hawortu. | Detailed Geology. 75 
held that such remnants could be preserved only by faulting 
processes having dropped them beneath their normal level. 
It is doubtfulif this position can be maintained in all instances, 
but at the same time quite likely faulting has occurred in 
many places, and has been a factor in their preservation. 
Second, materials of Coal Measure shales and limestones, 
principally the former, are preserved in numerous places 
throughout the mining district in great fissures apparently as 
though the underlying Mississippian rocks were fissured while 
the shales still were present above, and the shale material fell 
into the fissures, more or less completely filling them. 
In the Empire-Galena district one noted fissure of this kind 
is on the north side of Short creek about one-fourth of a mile 
southwest of the old Kansas City, Fort Scott & Memphis 
railroad depot. Here a fissure trends northeast and south- 
west, and is completely filled with shale material or ‘‘slate’’ 
of the miners. The fissure is about twenty feet wide, and 
has an unknown depth. Large bodies of ore were found 
on each side of it, in the flint rock and, to a limited extent, 
within the borders of the shale itself. The shale material 
was badly disarranged while falling into the fissure, and 
doubtless some of it was crumbled to dust and was acted 
upon by water within the fissure and finally subsided, pro- 
ducing traces of bedded structure. But within the shale bed 
proper fragments or chunks of the original shale often could 
be found with the original bedding planes lying at different 
angles, clearly showing that the material in question had 
fallen in from above. Such conditions were studied care- 
fully by the writer in this fissure during the summer of 1899. 
Some fragments of the original shale were found five or six 
feet in greatest diameter and many other fragments from a 
few inches to two or more feet in diameter. 
Other similar fissures in the district were not studied so 
carefully, but inquiry from many miners who dug into them 
uniformly brought out statements that the bedding planes of 
the shales were all topsyturvy, showing a fragmental ¢condi- 
tion of the same, such as?would result from the falling in 
from above. Almost without exception shale-filled fissures 
of this kind were lined with heavy deposits of lead ore and 
