Hawortu. | Geography of Lead and Zinc Ores. 49 
be noticed, however, that Brush creek enters at one sharp 
angle and Cow creek at the one above the mouth of Center 
creek. Doubtless each one of these streams has assisted in 
enticing the river westward by doing a large part of the cut- 
ting, as both streams have cut their channels to the Missis- 
sippian limestone for some distance above their mouths. 
The distance between Turkey creek and Shoal creek is 
greater than that between Spring river and Center creek, or 
Center creek and Turkey creek, and therefore the excessive 
rainfall of the territory had to be provided for some way, 
and, as a consequence, the little stream of Short creek was 
brought into existence. It lies on the high uplands just west 
of Joplin, and has a valley sufficiently deep to create short 
lateral tributaries on each side which are gradually sap- 
ping their way back north and south and soon will meet cor- 
responding tributaries from Turkey creek and Shoal creek. 
On the west side of Spring river the drainage is to the 
southeast, the streams in general making an angle of about 
150 degrees with those on the east side of the river. Within 
the limits of the United States topographic map of the Joplin 
district are shown successively Cow creek, Shawnee creek, 
Brush creek, and Willow creek. Throughout this area the 
surface slopes to the east and southeast, or down into the 
trough of Spring river. These streams rise on the high up- 
lands of Cherokee and Crawford counties, where the eleva- 
tion is over 900 feet, and consequently are not very unlike 
the streams which drain the mining region proper. Their 
fall is not quite so great, and as they flow over the soft beds 
of the Cherokee shales their valleys are usually wider and 
their bluffs are neither so high nor precipitous. 
Physiography. 
Physiographically the Galena mining area is a part of the 
great Ozark area, which occupies practically all of the state 
of Missouri south of the Missouri river, and a portion of Ar- 
kansas. This area has been described at different times by 
different authors, until it would seem unnecessary to devote 
much space to the subject here. The different authorities 
who have written on the subject practically agree on all of 
4—viil 
