46 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
find that those areas in turn lie in a similar position in refer- 
ence to the dome. 
Between Carthage and Baxter Springs, within the ten-mile 
zone given, lie all the mines of Carthage, Pleasant Valley, 
Albia, with Neck just to the northwest, Oronogo, Carterville 
and Webb City, Johnstown, Prosperity, Duenweg, Joplin 
and all of its environs, such as Blendeville, Chitwood hollow, 
Leadwood hollow, Gordon Springs hollow, and Roaring hol- 
low, the mines in the vicinity of Redding’s mill, Zincville, 
Klondike, Carl Junction, Tuckahoe, Cave Springs, Central 
City, Jackson diggings, all of Galena and Empire City, with 
the Badger camp just to the northwest, Pitzerville, and the 
mines on the east side of Spring river, above named, and all 
those about Baxter Springs and southward and southwest 
into the Indian Territory, near the Kansas state line. Webb 
City and Carterville, and immediate environs, Joplin and 
Galena, with immediate environs, are in the middle part of 
the ten-mile zone. It will thus be seen that, geographically 
with reference to the Ozark zone, Galena has the same situa- 
tion practically with Joplin and Webb City, the three most 
important mining centers of the entire area. ‘The importance 
of the geographical position will be discussed later under the 
subject of ‘‘Ore Formations.’’ 
Topography. 
The topography of the Galena mining district is interesting 
principally on account of its similarity to other localities 
within the mining area. There is a gentle slope of surface 
from the east westward and southward. Spring river, at 
Carthage, has an elevation of 940 feet, according to the United 
States topographic map of the Joplin district. Here it is 
flowing considerably north of west, but later, upon uniting 
with the North Fork, its course is changed to that of south- 
west. Immediately west of Galena it has an elevation of 800 
feet, or a fall of 140 feet in a distance of twenty-three miles, 
or about six feet to the mile. ‘The distance by way of the 
river bed is fully twenty-five miles greater. The highest up- 
lands in the vicinity of Carthage are about 1080 feet above 
sea level, with possibly a few points reaching a little greater 
