+4 University Geological Survey of Kansas. 
ingly interesting for two or more reasons. One is that to a 
considerable extent they maintain a constant agitation of min- 
ing here and there in many parts of the state where there is 
no good reason for hoping to find ore in paying quantities. 
In this respect they do harm to our citizens, for thus far no 
one has yet been able to find a bed of ore commercially im- 
portant in any of the places mentioned. 
Another reason why such ore bodies are interesting is from 
the standpoint of theories of ore formation. This latter phase 
of the subject will be discussed in the proper place. 
GALENA. 
Returning now to the vicinity of Galena, where ores occur 
in commercial quantities, the important geographic features 
may be described in a few words. Almost all the ore thus 
far mined came from an area about three miles square, bor- 
dered on the east by the state line, on the north by the mid- 
dle lines of sections 12, 11, and 10, which constitutes the 
northern limit of Empire City, on the west by the middle line 
of sections 10, 15, and 22, and on the south by the middle 
line of sections 27, 26, and 25. Within this area a little more 
than half the territory has been productive. Outside of it a 
small amount of mining has been conducted to the south, ex- 
tending even across Shoal creek. Good mining has been 
done almost entirely throughout a strip reaching southwest- 
ward from the Mastin ground in section 22 and down through 
section 27 by way of the Stanley diggings to Shoal creek, 
and some mining beyond Shoal creek, with occasional dis- 
coveries reaching southward all the way to the south line of 
the state and beyond. ‘To the southwest ore has been dis- 
covered as far away as Baxter Springs, although in small | 
quantities, with a recent discovery, 1904, just south of Bax- 
ter Springs, which seems to be developing into a productive 
area. On the west side of Spring river mining has been 
done to a considerable extent in two or more places, one in 
the northeast quarter of section 17, opposite Galena, and the 
other along the boundary line between sections 8 and 5, on 
the west side of Shawnee creek, at the old Pitzer diggings. 
Northwest of Empire City, nearly two miles along the eastern 
