Hawortu. | Historical. 27 
traction of the kind, and those who had been through the 
California and other discoveries of valuable ores claimed 
never to have seen so large a collection of the tough element 
- as was gathered in this territory at that time. The gambler, 
the fakir, the confidence man, the saloon-keeper and the frail 
woman were masters of the situation, the ‘bon ton’ as it 
were, and nothing but the fear of each other prevented ab- 
solute lawlessness and the shedding of blood. Butsome good 
people—some of the salt of the earth—whose moral charac- 
ters seemed to grow in integrity amid the immorality of their 
surroundings, came, and became the beacon lights which 
guided the community over the shoals and through the per- 
ilous rapids in safety, though only a handful of men as com- 
pared with the lawless element. Naturally the better 
element went to work at once for the organization of city 
government, and, on June 19, Col. J. R. Hallowell, as 
‘attorney for the citizens, electors and taxpayers of the town 
of Galena,’ obtained an order of incorporation as a city of 
the third class from B. W. Perkins, judge of the eleventh 
judicial district, at Oswego, and for an election of officers to 
be held June 30. The order named Egidius Moll, T. A. Fair- 
child and 8. C. Minturn as judges, Al. W. Mason and L. T. 
Gifford as clerks, and 8. E. Webb, Chas. Moll and W. L. 
Parker as canvassers, the election to be held at J. H. Smith’s 
lumber-yard, and provided that in the case of death or ab- 
sence of any of the above-named the citizens could fill such 
vacancy. Notice of the incorporation and election was pub- 
lished in the Galena Miner, and certificate of the publication 
by J. F. McDowell, ‘associate editor.’ It would seem that 
one of the judges appointed did not appear, and Mr. J. C. 
Murdock was elected in his stead; also that W. W. William- 
son served as canvasser in place of 8. E. Webb. 
‘“The first election in a situation like this furnished a les- 
son in political ethics which one must participate in to fully 
appreciate. Under the laws of the state there were probably 
not half a hundred legal voters in the camp or precinct. The 
tough element claimed that no mining district ever amounted 
to anything or yielded much of value unless it had been 
ruled by rowdyism at least the first year, and, being over- 
