HAWORTH. | Historical. 17/ 
valley is in 1810; the New Jersey franklinite deposits were 
discovered in 1820 by Doctor Fowler.” 
‘‘Zinc was first manufactured in the United States in 1838. 
This was at the arsenal at Washington. The ore used was 
the red oxide from New Jersey. The process proved very 
expensive, and nothing further was done. 
““The New Jersey Zinc Company was organized in 1848, 
with works at Newark. Numerous attempts had been made 
to utilize the Sterling Hill ores, but none were successful be- 
fore this. The Belgian method was first adopted, but was 
not a success, because of the corrosive action of the oxide of iron 
in the ores upon the retorts. This failing, the manufacture 
of zinc-white was perfected and continued uninterruptedly. 
‘‘The Saucon Valley deposits in Pennsylvania were dis- 
covered in 1845. In 1853 the whole property was acquired 
_ possession of by the Pennsylvania and Lehigh Zinc Company, 
and zinc-white furnaces were erected at Bethlehem under 
the direction of Samuel Wetherell. In 1856 experiments 
. were conducted at these works by Matthiessen & Hegeler for 
the reduction of the ores by the Silesian method, but this 
failed also. Wetherell then experimented with open fur- 
naces, drawing the vapors through beds of incandescent 
anthracite ; Joseph Wharton tried a similar process at Cam- 
den, N. J., but both undertakings failed. Wetherell finally 
returned to the use of the upright retorts, and was able to 
prepare them of sufficiently refractory materials. The Le- 
high Zine Company then returned to the Belgian furnace, 
and the Bethlehem works were erected in 1860. After that 
date works were built at Newark, N. J., Bergen Point and 
Trenton. 
‘‘Small zinc works have been erected at Constable Point, 
in New York, and near Ansonia, in Connecticut.” 
‘¢The Blair county (Pennsylvania) zinc deposits were oper- 
ated between 1864 and 1870, and those of Lancaster and 
Northumberland counties later. Works were erected in 
Lancaster county and at Birmingham in that state. 
Facey. Brackenridge, H. M., Views of Louisiana, together with a Journal of a Voyage up 
the Missouri River in 1811. Penis 1814, p. 146. 
16. Beco, Jean: Del’ Etat Actuel des Industries du Zine et du Cuivre aux Etats Unis d’ 
Amerique. (Revue Universelle des Mines ), Paris, 1878. 
2—vili 
